数据分析day2之matplotlib

#绘制散点图：三月份和十月份气温变化情况
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

x_3 = list(range(1,32))
x_10 = list(range(51,82))
#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
#使用scatter绘制散点图（与绘制折线图唯一区别）
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label ="3月份")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label ="10月份")
#调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels,rotation=45,fontproperties=my_font)
#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
#描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("三月份和十月份气温变化情况",fontproperties=my_font)
#展示
plt.show()

#绘制条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
#使用bar来绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b,width=0.3)
#设置字符串
plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font,rotation=45)
#描述信息
plt.xlabel("电影名称",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("票房数量 单位（亿）",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("2017年内地前20电影票房榜",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.show()

#绘制条形图（横着的）
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15), dpi=80)
#使用bar来绘制条形图
plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.3)
#设置字符串
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font,rotation=45)
#描述信息
plt.xlabel("票房数量 单位（亿）",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影名称",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("2017年内地前20电影票房榜",fontproperties=my_font)
#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
#绘制网格 alpha透明度
plt.grid(alpha=0.5)
#展示
plt.show()

#绘制多条条形图：9.14-9.16三天热门电影票房情况
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]

b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

bar_width = 0.2

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+0.2 for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+0.4 for i in x_14]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(x_14,b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日")

#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)
#描述信息
plt.xlabel("电影名称",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("票房数量",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("9.14-9.16三天热门电影票房情况",fontproperties=my_font)
#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
#展示
plt.show()

#绘制直方图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
#计算组数
bin_width = 3 #组距
num_bins =(max(a)-min(a))//bin_width

plt.hist(a,num_bins)
#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+bin_width,bin_width),rotation=45)
#描述信息
plt.xlabel("电影时长分布 单位（分钟）",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影数量 单位（个）",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量",fontproperties=my_font)
#绘制网格 alpha透明度
plt.grid(alpha=0.5)
plt.show()

"""

在美国2004年人口普查发现有124 million的人在离家相对较远的地方工作。
根据他们从家到上班地点所需要的时间,通过抽样统计(最后一列)出了下表的数据,

"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/WINDOWS/Fonts/方正粗黑宋简体.ttf")

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(range(12),quantity,width=1)

# 设置x轴的刻度
_x =[i-0.5 for i in range(13)]
_xtick_labels = interval+[150]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)
#绘制网格 alpha透明度
plt.grid(alpha=0.5)
#展示
plt.show()

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1、百度echart ：Apache ECharts

2、plotly:可视化工具中的github,相比于matplotlib更加简单,图形更加漂亮,同时兼容matplotlib和pandas Plotly Python Graphing Library | Python | Plotly