最初使用Spring是为了解决业务层的事务管理问题。原先用手写代码发起、结束/回滚事务的做法碰到粗心的开发者很容易导致连接池的资源耗尽。Spring的声明性事务管理功能无疑是一剂良方。本文说明几种常见的配置方式及各自的优缺点。
方法一:BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
优点:有大量bean声明性事务管理时使用该方法可以简化配置
示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Transaction Interceptor set up to do PROPOGATION_REQUIRED on all methods -->
<bean id="matchAllTxInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref bean="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- One BeanNameAutoProxyCreator handles all beans where we want all methods to use
PROPOGATION_REQUIRED -->
<bean id="hibInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateInterceptor">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="autoProxyCreator"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<idref local="matchAllTxInterceptor"/>
<idref bean="hibInterceptor"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="proxyTargetClass">
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>userDocumentManager</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManager"
class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl"
singleton="true">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
方法二:TransactionProxyFactoryBean
优点:配置灵活
示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManagerTarget" class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref local="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref local="userDocumentManagerTarget"/>
</property>
<property name="proxyInterfaces"><value>just.docserver.UserDocumentManager</value></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
但使用该方法配置时需要多配置一个xxxTarget的bean,该bean通常在应用用没有直接的用途,使得配置显得比较累赘。这一问题在高版本的spring中可以用嵌套的bean来解决。也就是将名为xxxTarget的bean直接写道被引用到的地方。按此方法,上例可以改成:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref local="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="target">
<bean class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="proxyInterfaces"><value>just.docserver.UserDocumentManager</value></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
这样整个配置更为简洁清晰,而且更适合于代码生成工具来生成这些配置,进一步提高开发效率。
总结:
本文归纳了Spring声明性事务配置几种方式,BeanNameAutoProxyCreator,TransactionProxyFactoryBean即TransactionProxyFactoryBean加嵌套式Target bean。方法一适用于有大量bean需要声明性事务配置的情形。方法二、三配置更加灵活。方法三比方法二更加简洁、紧凑,十分适用于代码生成。另外,方法有个缺点,如果bean实现某些接口,使用方法一无法指定对这些接口进行截获(利用ProxyFactoryBean的proxyInterfaces属性),从而无法使用JDK的动态代理,只能使用CGLIB来实现方法截获。
方法一:BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
优点:有大量bean声明性事务管理时使用该方法可以简化配置
示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Transaction Interceptor set up to do PROPOGATION_REQUIRED on all methods -->
<bean id="matchAllTxInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref bean="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- One BeanNameAutoProxyCreator handles all beans where we want all methods to use
PROPOGATION_REQUIRED -->
<bean id="hibInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateInterceptor">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="autoProxyCreator"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<idref local="matchAllTxInterceptor"/>
<idref bean="hibInterceptor"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="proxyTargetClass">
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>userDocumentManager</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManager"
class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl"
singleton="true">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
方法二:TransactionProxyFactoryBean
优点:配置灵活
示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManagerTarget" class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref local="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref local="userDocumentManagerTarget"/>
</property>
<property name="proxyInterfaces"><value>just.docserver.UserDocumentManager</value></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
但使用该方法配置时需要多配置一个xxxTarget的bean,该bean通常在应用用没有直接的用途,使得配置显得比较累赘。这一问题在高版本的spring中可以用嵌套的bean来解决。也就是将名为xxxTarget的bean直接写道被引用到的地方。按此方法,上例可以改成:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"
>
<beans>
<description>
Exploring spring Dependency Injection feature
</description>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="docServerConfig" class="just.docserver.config.DocServerConfig" singleton="true">
<property name="config"><value>docsrv.conf</value></property>
<!-- contextPath is which url path the document server resides, KEEP it sync with actual deployment -->
<property name="contextPath"><value>/axis</value></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition begin-->
<bean id="docDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userFileDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserFileDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="docSettingDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.DocSettingDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDocumentDao" class="just.docserver.dal.daoimpl.doc.UserDocumentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
</bean>
<!--DAO classes definition end-->
<!-- Service definition begin -->
<bean id="userDocumentManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref local="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="target">
<bean class="just.docserver.UserDocumentManagerImpl">
<property name="docDao"><ref local="docDao"/></property>
<property name="docSettingDao"><ref local="docSettingDao"/></property>
<property name="userDocumentDao"><ref local="userDocumentDao"/></property>
<property name="userFileDao"><ref local="userFileDao"/></property>
<property name="docServerConfig"><ref local="docServerConfig"/></property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="proxyInterfaces"><value>just.docserver.UserDocumentManager</value></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Service definition end -->
</beans>
这样整个配置更为简洁清晰,而且更适合于代码生成工具来生成这些配置,进一步提高开发效率。
总结:
本文归纳了Spring声明性事务配置几种方式,BeanNameAutoProxyCreator,TransactionProxyFactoryBean即TransactionProxyFactoryBean加嵌套式Target bean。方法一适用于有大量bean需要声明性事务配置的情形。方法二、三配置更加灵活。方法三比方法二更加简洁、紧凑,十分适用于代码生成。另外,方法有个缺点,如果bean实现某些接口,使用方法一无法指定对这些接口进行截获(利用ProxyFactoryBean的proxyInterfaces属性),从而无法使用JDK的动态代理,只能使用CGLIB来实现方法截获。