as1).概念:表示過去的過去.
2).構成: Had+done
3).用法:
a. 在 told,said,knew,thought,heard等動詞后的賓語從句.
She said she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句 : 在過去發生的兩個動作,發生在先,用過去完成時,發生在后,用一般過去時.
When the police arrived ,the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如: hope, wish,suppose,think,mean,intend,want,plan,expect,desire等,用過去完成時表示"原本..未能..."
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't .
d. 過去完成時的時間狀語before,by ,util, when,after,as soon as,once.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
4) .固定句型:
a. hardly /scarcely/barely+過去完成時(倒裝形式)+ when +過去時
Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with. (我一到達就有新問題要處理)
b. No sooner + 過去完成時(倒裝形式) + than + 過去時
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
c. By (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時.
By the end of that year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.