移动端自动化-元素捕获

1. 通过xpath找元素
编写xpath捕获元素:
a. 以 class开头 //class
b. [OPTIONAL] 加attributes @attribute=“blah”
E.g.: 用xpath 定位计算器的 7

用Python 和 Appium, 对应的写法如下:

2. 通过Android UIAutomator 找元素
用UiSelector捕获元素 UI elements：
a. 已new UiSelector object 开头new UiSelector()
b. dot-add any of the other properties of the element .text()
E.g.: 定位计算器的 7 :

用Python 和 Appium, 对应的写法如下:

注意：此方法使用诸如text，content-desc，resorurce id等属性来查找元素。有关详细信息，请参阅此链接。
以下是识别Appium特定元素的一些快捷方式：

1. 通过 accessibility ID捕获元素: android机，你可以用content-desc的字符串
   E.g.: To identify the delete button in the calculator
   
2. 通过 Id捕获元素: 对应 resource-id field
   E.g.: To identify the number 7 in the calculator app
   
3. 通过 class name捕获元素：
   E.g.: To find the text/results box in the calculator app
   

实例： 应用不同的定位策略的Appium + Python 脚本
以下提供一个功能齐全的Python脚本供您练习定位器策略。挑战自己，在计算器应用程序中识别不同的元素，并对此脚本进行相应的更改。

"""
Qxf2: Example script to run one test against calculator app
The test will show you how you can find UI elements by various methods like xpath, id, accessibility_id and android UIautomator
on a android calculator app
 
"""
import os
import unittest, time
from appium import webdriver
from time import sleep
 
class Android_Calculator(unittest.TestCase):
    "Class to run tests for android calculator"
    def setUp(self):
        "Setup for the test"
        desired_caps = {}
        desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
        desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '4.4'
        desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'Moto E'
        # Get the package and activity name of the calculator to launch the calculator app
        desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.android.calculator2'
        desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'com.android.calculator2.Calculator'
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)
 
    def tearDown(self):
        "Tear down the test"
        self.driver.quit()
 
    def test_calculator(self):
        "Testing android calculator"
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        # Find the UI element using xpath  
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//android.widget.Button[@text='7']").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//android.widget.Button[@resource-id='com.android.calculator2:id/mul']").click()
 
        # Find UI element using id
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.android.calculator2:id/digit7").click()
 
        # Find UI element using accessibility_id
        self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('delete').click()
 
        # Find UI element using android UIautomator
        self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().text("3")').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().resourceId("com.android.calculator2:id/equal")').click()
 
        # Find UI element using class name
        result=self.driver.find_element_by_class_name("android.widget.EditText")
        print result.get_attribute('text')
 
#---START OF SCRIPT
if __name__ == '__main__':
    suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(Android_Calculator)
    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)