C++构造函数/析构函数/拷贝函数

1.构造函数

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdarg.h>


using namespace std;

class Teacher {
private :
	char *name;
	int age;
public :
	//无参构造函数
	Teacher() {
		cout << "无参构造函数" << endl;
	}
	//有参构造函数会覆盖默认的无参构造函数
	Teacher(char *name, int age) {
		this->name = name;
		this->age = age;
		cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
	}
};
 
void main() {
	Teacher t1;
	Teacher t2("xiaoming",11);
	//另外一种调用方式
	Teacher t3 = Teacher("jack",55);
	getchar();
}

2.析构函数

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdarg.h>


using namespace std;

class Teacher
{
public:
	//无参构造函数赋默认值
	Teacher() {
		this->name = (char*)malloc(100);
		strcpy(name,"jack");
		age = 21;
		cout << "无参构造函数" << endl;
	}
	//析构函数
	//当对象要被系统释放时，析构函数被调用
	//作用：善后处理
	~Teacher() {
		cout << "析构" << endl;
		//释放内存
		free(this->name);
	}

private:
	char *name;
	int age;
};

void func() {
	Teacher t1;
}

void main() {
	func();
	getchar();
}

3.拷贝构造函数

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdarg.h>


using namespace std;

class Teacher
{
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
public :
	Teacher(char *name,int age) {
		this->name = name;
		this->age = age;
		cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
	}
	//拷贝构造函数（值拷贝）
	//默认拷贝构造函数，就是值拷贝
	Teacher(const Teacher &obj) {
		this->name = name;
		this->age = age;
		cout << "拷贝构造函数" << endl;
	}
	void myprint() {
		cout << name <<","<< age << endl;
	}
};

Teacher func(Teacher t) {
	t.myprint();
	return t;
}

void main() {
	Teacher t1("rose",22);
	//拷贝构造函数被调用的场景
	//1.声明时赋值
	//Teacher t2 = t1;
	//t2.myprint();
	//2.作为参数传入，实参给形参赋值
	//func(t1);
	//3.作为函数返回值返回，给变量初始化赋值
	//Teacher t3 = func(t1);
	
	//这里不会被调用
	//Teacher t1;
	//Teacher t2;
	//t1 = t2;

	getchar();
}

浅拷贝

class Teacher {
private :
	char *name;
	int age;
public:
	Teacher(char *name,int age) {
		this->name =(char*)malloc(100);
		strcpy(this->name,name);
		this->age = age;
		cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
	}
	~Teacher() {
		cout << "析构" << endl;
		//释放内存
		free(this->name);
	}
	void myprint() {
		cout << name << "," << age << endl;
	}
};
void func() {
	Teacher t1("rose",20);
	Teacher t2 = t1;
	t2.myprint();
}
void main() {
	func();
	getchar();
}

深拷贝

class Teacher {
private :
	char *name;
	int age;
public :
	Teacher(char * name,int age) {
		int len = strlen(name);
		this->name = (char*)malloc(len+1);
		strcpy(this->name,name);
		this->age = age;
		cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
	}
	~Teacher() {
		cout << "析构" << endl;
		//释放内存
		free(this->name);
	}
	//深拷贝
	Teacher(const Teacher &obj) {
		//复制name属性
		int len = strlen(obj.name);
		this->name = (char*)malloc(len+1);
		strcpy(this->name,obj.name);
		this->age = obj.age;
	}
	void myprint() {
		cout << name << ","<< age << endl;
	}
};

void func() {
	Teacher t1("jack",21);
	Teacher t2 = t1;
	t2.myprint();
}

void main() {
	func();
	getchar();
}