TypeScript命名空间

namespace 命名空间,可以把一组全局变量封装成一个统一的接口,选择性的进行暴露,实现组件化开发思想。

  1. 用 namespace Home 包裹全局变量
  2. 需要暴露的变量使用 export 导出
  3. 使用 new Home.Page() 执行
// page.ts
///<reference path='./components.ts' />

namespace Home {
  export class Page {
    constructor() {
      new Component.Header();
      new Component.Content();
      new Component.Footer();
    }
  }
}
// components.ts

namespace Component {
  const common = (title: string): void => {
    const elem = document.createElement('div');
    elem.innerHTML = `This is ${title}`;
    document.body.appendChild(elem);
  };

  export class Header {
    constructor() {
      common('Header');
    }
  }

  export class Content {
    constructor() {
      common('Content');
    }
  }

  export class Footer {
    constructor() {
      common('Footer');
    }
  }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script src="./dist/page.js"></script>
  <script>
    new Home.Page();
  </script>
</body>

</html>
// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Basic Options */
    // "incremental": true,                   /* Enable incremental compilation */
    "target": "es5",
    /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "amd",
    /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */
    // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
    // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
    // "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
    // "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
    "outFile": "./dist/page.js",
    /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
    "outDir": "./dist",
    /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
    "rootDir": "./src",
    /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
    // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
    // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
    // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
    // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
    // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
    // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
    // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */

    /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
    "strict": true,
    /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
    // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
    // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
    // "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
    // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
    // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */

    /* Additional Checks */
    // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
    // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
    // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
    // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */

    /* Module Resolution Options */
    // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
    // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
    // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
    // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
    // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
    // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
    // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
    // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
    // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,          /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */

    /* Source Map Options */
    // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
    // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
    // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
    // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */

    /* Experimental Options */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */

    /* Advanced Options */
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

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TypeScript 中的命名空间(Namespace)是一种将代码组织为逻辑分组的方式,可用于避免全局命名冲突。命名空间可以包含变量、函数、类和其他命名空间等成员,从而使得代码更加模块化和可维护。 命名空间可以在代码中使用 `namespace` 关键字定义,并使用点号(`.`)来表示嵌套层级,例如: ```typescript namespace MyNamespace { export const myVar = "Hello"; export function myFunc() { console.log("World"); } export namespace InnerNamespace { export class MyClass {} } } ``` 在上述代码中,我们定义了一个名为 `MyNamespace` 的命名空间,它包含了一个变量 `myVar`、一个函数 `myFunc` 和一个内嵌命名空间 `InnerNamespace`,后者包含了一个类 `MyClass`。注意到我们使用了 `export` 关键字来将这些成员暴露给外部使用。 使用命名空间中的成员时,需要使用点号表达式(`.`)来访问嵌套层级中的成员,例如: ```typescript console.log(MyNamespace.myVar); // 输出: "Hello" MyNamespace.myFunc(); // 输出: "World" const myObj = new MyNamespace.InnerNamespace.MyClass(); ``` 在访问嵌套层级中的成员时,需要确保每个命名空间和每个命名空间中的成员都已经被正确地导出(使用 `export` 关键字),否则会导致编译错误。 在使用命名空间时,也可以使用 `import` 语句将其他模块中的命名空间导入到当前模块中,从而实现命名空间的重用和模块化。

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