在RHEL/CentOS 8上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2017的方法，超详细，亲测！

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-24 10:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-24 10:00:00 发布

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本文介绍在RHEL/CentOS 8操作系统上安装Microsoft SQL Server（MS SQL）的方法，它是Microsoft的一个关系数据库系统，从SQL Server 2017开始，它可用于生产RHEL和其它Linux发行版上的工作负载。在CentOS/RHEL 8上运行MS SQL Server的最低系统要求是：最小内存为3GB、CPU处理器最低速度为1.4GHz（建议>=2GHz）、SQL Server至少需要10GB的可用硬盘空间。

一、添加Microsoft SQL Server 2017存储库

Red Hat存储库上提供了Microsoft SQL数据库服务器软件包，需要手动添加：

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017.repo

关闭Linux Firewalls和selinux

查看状态： systemctl status firewalld 
临时关闭： systemctl stop  firewalld  
开机禁用： systemctl disable firewalld
重新加载：firewall-cmd --reload
关闭selinux：vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled

二、在RHEL/CentOS 8上安装MS SQL server

SQL Server 2017使用python2和OpenSSL 1.0，你需要在不解析依赖关系的情况下安装软件包：

sudo yum -y install python2 compat-openssl10
sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python2

下载mssql-server安装包
我这里是把下载地址拷贝到浏览器直接下载，用yum下载的话太慢，下载好后，拷贝到Linux上即可：

https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017/mssql-server-14.0.3294.2-27.x86_64.rpm

找到安装包的位置，安装

sudo rpm -Uvh --nodeps mssql-server*rpm

源码：

[root@linuxprobe MSSQL]# rpm -Uvh --nodeps mssql-server*rpm
warning: mssql-server-14.0.3294.2-27.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID be1229cf: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mssql-server-14.0.3294.2-27      ################################# [100%]

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup'
to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run
'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'.

三、安装SQL Server命令行工具

使用unixODBC开发包安装mssql-tools：

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
sudo yum -y install mssql-tools unixODBC-devel

源码：

[root@linuxprobe MSSQL]# yum -y install mssql-tools unixODBC-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
              : subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
packages-microsoft-com-prod                              | 3.0 kB     00:00
packages-microsoft-com-prod/primary_db                     | 261 kB   00:13
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mssql-tools.x86_64 0:17.5.2.1-1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: msodbcsql17 >= 17.3.0.0 for package: mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64
---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.3.7-1.rh will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: unixODBC = 2.3.7 for package: unixODBC-devel-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package msodbcsql17.x86_64 0:17.5.2.1-1 will be installed
---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.7-1.rh will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package           Arch      Version       Repository                      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mssql-tools       x86_64    17.5.2.1-1    packages-microsoft-com-prod    223 k
 unixODBC-devel    x86_64    2.3.7-1.rh    packages-microsoft-com-prod     42 k
Installing for dependencies:
 msodbcsql17       x86_64    17.5.2.1-1    packages-microsoft-com-prod    802 k
 unixODBC          x86_64    2.3.7-1.rh    packages-microsoft-com-prod    213 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  2 Packages (+2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 1.3 M
Installed size: 3.8 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/$releasever/packages-microsoft-com-prod/packages/mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID be1229cf: NOKEY
Public key for mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/4): mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm                   | 223 kB   00:01
(2/4): unixODBC-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64.rpm                      | 213 kB   00:00
(3/4): unixODBC-devel-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64.rpm                |  42 kB   00:00
(4/4): msodbcsql17-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm                   | 802 kB   00:02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              495 kB/s | 1.3 MB  00:02
Retrieving key from https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Importing GPG key 0xBE1229CF:
 Userid     : "Microsoft (Release signing) <gpgsecurity@microsoft.com>"
 Fingerprint: bc52 8686 b50d 79e3 39d3 721c eb3e 94ad be12 29cf
 From       : https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : unixODBC-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64                                   1/4
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
https://aka.ms/odbc17eula and found in
/usr/share/doc/msodbcsql17/LICENSE.txt . By entering 'YES',
you indicate that you accept the license terms.

Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)
yes
  Installing : msodbcsql17-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64                                2/4
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746949 and found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-tools/LICENSE.txt . By entering 'YES',
you indicate that you accept the license terms.

Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)
yes
  Installing : mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64                                3/4
  Installing : unixODBC-devel-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64                             4/4
  Verifying  : mssql-tools-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64                                1/4
  Verifying  : msodbcsql17-17.5.2.1-1.x86_64                                2/4
  Verifying  : unixODBC-devel-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64                             3/4
  Verifying  : unixODBC-2.3.7-1.rh.x86_64                                   4/4

Installed:
  mssql-tools.x86_64 0:17.5.2.1-1       unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.3.7-1.rh

Dependency Installed:
  msodbcsql17.x86_64 0:17.5.2.1-1          unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.7-1.rh

Complete!

确认安装是否成功，运行rpm -qi mssql-server命令查看：

[root@linuxprobe MSSQL]# rpm -qi mssql-server
Name        : mssql-server
Version     : 14.0.3294.2
Release     : 27
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sat 18 Apr 2020 11:48:52 AM CST
Group       : Unspecified
Size        : 1019732362
License     : Commercial
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 10 Apr 2020 04:56:19 AM CST, Key ID eb3e94adbe1229cf
Source RPM  : mssql-server-14.0.3294.2-27.src.rpm
Build Date  : Fri 10 Apr 2020 03:59:06 AM CST
Build Host  : hls-cent3-prod-build-cent73-00
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Summary     : Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine
Description :
The mssql-server package contains the Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine.

注:可以看出版本和我们下载的安装包版本一致！

四、初始化MS SQL数据库引擎

程序包安装完成后，运行mssql-conf setup并按照提示设置SA密码并选择版本：

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

各个选项说明：

1.选择要使用的版本

我选择2，即开发人员（免费，没有生产使用权）

Choose an edition of SQL Server:

Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
Developer (free, no production use rights)
Express (free)
Web (PAID)
Standard (PAID)
Enterprise (PAID)
Enterprise Core (PAID)
I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

2.接受许可条款

The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server
Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:Yes

3.设置SQL Server系统管理员密码

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:
Configuring SQL Server…
sqlservr: This program requires a machine with at least 2000 megabytes of memory.
/opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr: This program requires a machine with at least 2000 megabytes of memory.
Initial setup of Microsoft SQL Server failed. Please consult the ERRORLOG
in /var/opt/mssql/log for more information.

源码：

[root@linuxprobe MSSQL]# /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Choose an edition of SQL Server:
  1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
  2) Developer (free, no production use rights)
  3) Express (free)
  4) Web (PAID)
  5) Standard (PAID)
  6) Enterprise (PAID)
  7) Enterprise Core (PAID)
  8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

Details about editions can be found at
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=852748&clcid=0x409

Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a
Microsoft Volume Licensing program.
By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate
number of licenses in place to install and run this software.

Enter your edition(1-8): 2
The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=855862&clcid=0x409

The privacy statement can be viewed at:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:yes

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:
Configuring SQL Server...

ForceFlush is enabled for this instance.
ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.
Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.

五、启动并启用mssql-server服务

启动mssql-server服务：

sudo systemctl start mssql-server

启用它以在系统引导时启动

sudo systemctl enable mssql-server

将/opt/mssql/bin/添加到$PATH变量：

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mssql/bin' | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/mssql.sh

源文件以在当前shell会话中开始使用MSSQL可执行二进制文件：

source /etc/profile.d/mssql.sh

六、测试连接 SQL Server

打开本地的Navicat 创建连接，然后测试连接
这里用的账号是sa，密码是我们在安装的过程中设置的密码，如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

注意：当我们打开数据的时候，会发现啥都没有：

没关系，开始创建数据库即可：

显示数据库用户：

select name from sysusers; 
go

创建测试数据库：

CREATE DATABASE testDB
SELECT Name from sys.Databases
GO
USE testDB
CREATE TABLE Inventory (id INT, name NVARCHAR(50), quantity INT)
INSERT INTO Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150); INSERT INTO Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);
GO
SELECT * FROM Inventory LIMIT 1;

删除数据库：
drop database testDB; 
go