View工作原理
1. MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec意为测量规格，是一个32位int值，高2位代表测量模式SpecMode，低30位代表该测量模式下的规格大小SpecSize。通过MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec()可以得到一个measureSpec；代码如下：
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
1.1 SpecMode
SpecMode有三类，分别是
- UNSPECIFIED : 父容器不对view有任何限制，想要多大就给多大，一般只有系统内部使用
- EXACTLY : 父容器已经检测出view的大小，即SpecSize的值，一般对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体数值 如 100dp
- AT_MOST ：父容器给定一个具体的值SpecSize，view的具体大小由自身实现，但是不能超过SpecSize，对应于;LayoutParams中的wrap_content
2. LayoutParams
LayoutParams主要保存了一个View的布局参数，包括width，height，margin等
3. MeasureSpec和LayoutParams关系
顶级DecorView：由于没有父容器，因此MeasureSpec由屏幕尺寸和自身LayoutParams决定
普通view：其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身LayoutParams决定
3.1 DecorView：
childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
其中desiredWindowWidth、desiredWindowHeight为屏幕尺寸，我们来看一下getRootMeasureSpec()
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
//MATCH_PARENT，精确模式时，大小为窗口大小
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
//WRAP_CONTENT，最大模式时，大小不定，但是不能超过最大值，也就是窗口的大小
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
//固定大小 如100dp，为LayoutParams指定的大小
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}
3.2 普通view
普通view的MeasureSpec由父容器根据自身MeasureSpec和子view的LayoutParams计算而来，measureChildWithMargin()
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
首先会获取child的LayoutParams然后调用getChildMeasureSpec()方法分别计算出child的宽高规格，计算childWidthMeasureSpec时传入的参数为parentWidthMeasureSpec，左右padding和margin，以及child自身的width。
我们来看看getChildMeasureSpec做了什么
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
先取出父容器的测量规格和减去间距后剩余大小
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
接着，根据父容器的SpecMode和自身的宽高值开始计算测量规格，
- 当父容器为EXACTLY时：
- childDimension > 0，即确定值如100dp，那么子view的测量模式为EXACTLY，大小就是childDimension给定的大小。
- childDimension == MATCH_PARENT，那么子View测量模式为EXACTLY，大小为父容器剩余大小specSize - padding。
- childDimension == WRAP_CONTENT，那么子View测量模式为AT_MOST，大小不超过父容器剩余空间
- 当父容器为AT_MOST时：
- childDimension > 0，即确定值如100dp，那么子view的测量模式为EXACTLY，大小就是childDimension给定的大小。
- childDimension == MATCH_PARENT，那么子View测量模式为AT_MOST，大小为父容器剩余大小specSize - padding。
- childDimension == WRAP_CONTENT，那么子View测量模式为AT_MOST，大小不超过父容器剩余空间
如图：
4.Measure过程
单一view只需完成自身测量，而ViewGroup除了完成自身测量，还要去遍历调用子元素的measure
4.1 view的measure过程
测量流程由measure方法开始，然后在其中调用onMeasure()
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
我们先看看setMeasuredDimension，只是用于设置view的宽高测量值
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}
接着看getDefaultSize()
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
当view测量模式为EXACTLY或者AT_MOST时，返回的就是measureSpec中的大小。上面代码中的size由getSuggestedMinimumWidth()计算而来
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth:max(mMinWidth,mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
当view设置了背景时，返回值为mMinWidth与mBackground大小两者的最大值，mMinWidth通过android:minWidth设置，默认为0。
4.2 viewGroup的measure过程
viewGroup除了完成自身测量过程，还会遍历调用子view的measure。ViewGroup中并没有重写onMeasure，而是提供了一个measureChildren方法
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
它会去遍历子view，计算出子view的measureSpec，然后调用其measure方法，我们看下measureChild方法
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
就是根据父容器的measureSpec和子View的layoutParams计算出子View的measureSpec。getChildMeasureSpec方法我们上面已经分析过了。
值得注意的是，ViewGroup并没有对测量过程进行统一实现，因为不同的布局各有特点，所以onMeasure由ViewGroup子类根据自身特点去实现，比如LinearLayout，RelativeLayout
5.Layout过程
Layout是用来确定元素位置的，layout方法确定View本身的位置，然后在其中调用onLayout方法确定子元素位置。
5.1 view的Layout过程
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
...
}
}
在layout方法中首先会调用setFrame初始View四个顶点的位置，这样自身的位置也就确定了，接着调用onLayout确定子元素位置。onLayout在View中是空实现，交由具体的布局去实现
5.2 ViewGroup的Layout过程
以LinearLayout为例
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}
根据orientation不同调用layoutVertical或者layoutHorizontal方法，我们只看layoutVertical()
void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
...
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
...
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}
遍历子view，获取累计每个子view的高度和间距，然后调用setChildFrame，这个方法会调用子View的layout方法，从而确定子View的位置，因为没确定一个子View，childTop会逐渐增大，也就使得子View按照从上到下的方式线性排列。
6.Draw过程
步骤
- 绘制背景 drawBackground(canvas)
- 绘制自身内容 onDraw()
- 绘制子View dispatchDraw()
- 绘制装饰 onDrawScrollBars()
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
...
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
return;
}
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