JDBC之最基本的CRUD操作

一、JDBC工具类中的代码

package cn.itcast.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * Jdbc工具类
 */
public final class JdbcUtils {
	
	//省略localhost:3306
	private static String url = "jdbc:mysql:///jdbc";
	private static String username = "root";
	private static String password = "root";
	
	/**
	 * 构造器私用,防止直接创建对象,
	 * 当然通过反射可以创建
	 */
	private JdbcUtils(){
		
	}
	
	//保证只是注册一次驱动
	static{
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取连接
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
		return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 释放资源
	 */
	public static void free(ResultSet rs, Statement st, Connection conn) {
		//规范的关系连接的方式
		try{
			if(rs != null) {
				rs.close();
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			try{
				if(st != null) {
					st.close();
				}
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}finally {
				if(conn != null) {
					try {
						conn.close();
					} catch (SQLException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

二、测试类中的代码

package cn.itcast.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * 对数据库的Crud操作
 */
public class Crud {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		//create();
		//read();
		//update();
		delete();
	}
	
	static void delete() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement st = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		
		try{
			//创建连接
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			//创建语句
			st = conn.createStatement();
			String sql =  "delete from user where id>4";
			//执行操作
			int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
		}finally{
			JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 更新操作
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	static void update() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement st = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		
		try{
			//建立连接
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			//创建语句
			st = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "update user set money=money+10";
			//执行语句
			int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
			System.out.println("i=" + 1);
		}finally {
			JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 插入语句
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	static void create() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement st = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		
		try{
			//建立连接
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			//创建语句
			st = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "insert into user(name, birthday, money) values('name1', '1987-01-01', 400)";
			//执行语句
			int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
			System.out.println("i=" + i);
		} finally {
			JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 读取操作
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	static void read() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement st = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		
		try{
			//建立连接
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			//创建语句
			st = conn.createStatement();
			//执行语句
			rs = st.executeQuery("select id, name, money, birthday from user");
			//处理结果,根据列名去拿结果
			while(rs.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs.getObject("id") + "\t" 
						+ rs.getObject("name") + "\t"
						+ rs.getObject("birthday") + "\t"
						+ rs.getObject("money"));
			}
		} finally {
			JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
		}
		
	}
}

CRUD总结：
1、增、删、改用Statement.executeUpdate来完成，返回整数(匹配的记录数)，这类操作相对简单。
2、查询用Statement.executeQuery来完成，返回的是ResultSet对象，ResultSet中包含了查询的结果；查询相对与增、删、改要复杂一些，因为有查询结果要处理。