7. Java不可变集合和Stream流

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1. 不可变集合

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1、不可变的List集合
        List<Double> lists = List.of(569.5, 700.5, 523.0,  570.5);
        // lists.add(689.0);
        // lists.set(2, 698.5);
        double score = lists.get(1);
        System.out.println(score); //700.5

        // 2、不可变的Set集合
        Set<String> names = Set.of("迪丽热巴", "迪丽热九", "马尔扎哈", "卡尔眨巴" );
        // names.add("三少爷");
        System.out.println(names); //[马尔扎哈, 迪丽热九, 迪丽热巴, 卡尔眨巴]

        // 3、不可变的Map集合
        Map<String, Integer> maps = Map.of("huawei",2, "Java开发", 1 , "手表", 1);
        // maps.put("衣服", 3);
        System.out.println(maps); //{huawei=2, Java开发=1, 手表=1}
    }
}

2. Stream流

2.1 概述

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(names, "张三丰","张无忌","周芷若","赵敏","张强");
        System.out.println(names); //[张三丰, 张无忌, 周芷若, 赵敏, 张强]

        /**
        // 1、从集合中找出姓张的放到新集合
        List<String> zhangList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String name : names) {
            if(name.startsWith("张")){
                zhangList.add(name);
            }
        }
        System.out.println(zhangList); //[张三丰, 张无忌, 张强]

        // 2、找名称长度是3的姓名
        List<String> zhangThreeList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String name : zhangList) {
            if(name.length() == 3){
                zhangThreeList.add(name);
            }
        }
        System.out.println(zhangThreeList); //[张三丰, 张无忌]
         */

        // 改进版：使用Stream实现的
        names.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张")).filter(s -> s.length() == 3).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
    }
}

2.2 Stream流的获取

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /** --------------------Collection集合获取流-------------------------------   */
        Collection<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Stream<String> s =  list.stream();

        /** --------------------Map集合获取流-------------------------------   */
        Map<String, Integer> maps = new HashMap<>();
        // 键流
        Stream<String> keyStream = maps.keySet().stream();
        // 值流
        Stream<Integer> valueStream = maps.values().stream();
        // 键值对流（拿整体）
        Stream<Map.Entry<String,Integer>> keyAndValueStream =  maps.entrySet().stream();

        /** ---------------------数组获取流------------------------------   */
        String[] names = {"赵敏","小昭","灭绝","周芷若"};
        Stream<String> nameStream = Arrays.stream(names);
        Stream<String> nameStream2 = Stream.of(names); //另一种方法
    }
}

2.3 Stream流的常用API

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("张无忌");
        list.add("周芷若");
        list.add("赵敏");
        list.add("张强");
        list.add("张三丰");
        list.add("张三丰");

        list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张")).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));

        long size = list.stream().filter(s -> s.length() == 3).count();
        System.out.println(size); //4

        // list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张")).limit(2).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
        //简化：
        list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张")).limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);

        list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张")).skip(2).forEach(System.out::println);

        // map加工方法: 第一个参数原材料  -> 第二个参数是加工后的结果。
        // 给集合元素的前面都加上一个：黑马的：
        list.stream().map(s -> "黑马的：" + s).forEach(a -> System.out.println(a));

        // 需求：把所有的名称 都加工成一个学生对象。
        //list.stream().map(s -> new Student(s)).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
        //简化：
        list.stream().map(Student::new).forEach(System.out::println); // 构造器引用  方法引用

        // 合并流。
        Stream<String> s1 = list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张"));
        Stream<String> s2 = Stream.of("java1", "java2");
        Stream<String> s3 = Stream.concat(s1 , s2);
        s3.distinct().forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
    }
}

public class Student {
    private String name;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.4 Stream流的综合应用

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Test {
    public static double allMoney ;
    public static double allMoney2 ; // 2个部门去掉最高工资，最低工资的总和
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Employee> one = new ArrayList<>();
        one.add(new Employee("猪八戒",'男',30000 , 25000, null));
        one.add(new Employee("孙悟空",'男',25000 , 1000, "顶撞上司"));
        one.add(new Employee("沙僧",'男',20000 , 20000, null));
        one.add(new Employee("小白龙",'男',20000 , 25000, null));

        List<Employee> two = new ArrayList<>();
        two.add(new Employee("武松",'男',15000 , 9000, null));
        two.add(new Employee("李逵",'男',20000 , 10000, null));
        two.add(new Employee("西门庆",'男',50000 , 100000, "被打"));
        two.add(new Employee("潘金莲",'女',3500 , 1000, "被打"));
        two.add(new Employee("武大郎",'女',20000 , 0, "下毒"));

        // 1、开发一部的最高工资的员工。（API）
        // 指定大小规则了
        //Employee e = one.stream().max((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary() + e1.getBonus(),  e2.getSalary() + e2.getBonus())).get();
        Topperformer t = one.stream().max((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary() + e1.getBonus(),  e2.getSalary() + e2.getBonus()))
                .map(e -> new Topperformer(e.getName(),  e.getSalary() + e.getBonus())).get();
        System.out.println(t); //Topperformer{name='猪八戒', money=55000.0}

        // 2、统计平均工资，去掉最高工资和最低工资
        one.stream().sorted((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary() + e1.getBonus(),  e2.getSalary() + e2.getBonus()))
                .skip(1).limit(one.size() - 2).forEach(e -> {
                    // 求出总和：剩余员工的工资总和
                    allMoney += (e.getSalary() + e.getBonus());
                });
        System.out.println("开发一部的平均工资是：" + allMoney / (one.size() - 2)); //开发一部的平均工资是：42500.0

        // 3、合并2个集合流，再统计
        Stream<Employee> s1 = one.stream();
        Stream<Employee> s2 = two.stream();
        Stream<Employee> s3 = Stream.concat(s1 , s2);
        s3.sorted((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e1.getSalary() + e1.getBonus(),  e2.getSalary() + e2.getBonus()))
                .skip(1).limit(one.size() + two.size() - 2).forEach(e -> {
                    // 求出总和：剩余员工的工资总和
                    allMoney2 += (e.getSalary() + e.getBonus());
                });

        // BigDecimal ---> 避免精度问题
        BigDecimal a = BigDecimal.valueOf(allMoney2);
        BigDecimal b = BigDecimal.valueOf(one.size()  + two.size() - 2);
        System.out.println("开发部的平均工资是：" + a.divide(b,2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        // 开发部的平均工资是：34285.71
    }
}

public class Employee {
    private String name;
    private char sex;
    private double salary;
    private double bonus;
    private String punish; // 处罚信息

	...
}

public class Topperformer {
    private String name;
    private double money; // 月薪
	
	...
}

2.5 收集Stream流

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("张无忌");
        list.add("周芷若");
        list.add("赵敏");
        list.add("张强");
        list.add("张三丰");
        list.add("张三丰");

        Stream<String> s1 = list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张"));
        List<String> zhangList = s1.collect(Collectors.toList()); // 可变集合
        zhangList.add("java1");
        System.out.println(zhangList); // [张无忌, 张强, 张三丰, 张三丰, java1]

        // 注意：“流只能使用一次”
        Stream<String> s2 = list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张"));
        Set<String> zhangSet = s2.collect(Collectors.toSet());
        System.out.println(zhangSet); // [张强, 张三丰, 张无忌]

        Stream<String> s3 = list.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("张"));
        //Object[] arrs = s3.toArray();
        String[] arrs = s3.toArray(String[]::new); // 可以不管，拓展一下思维！！
        System.out.println("Arrays数组内容：" + Arrays.toString(arrs));
        // Arrays数组内容：[张无忌, 张强, 张三丰, 张三丰]
    }
}