JDBC
1. JDBC简介
2. JDBC快速入门
2.1 编写步骤
2.2 具体操作
/**
* JDBC快速入门
*/
public class JDBCDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接
String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db1";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "update account set money = 2000 where id = 1";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//受影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//7. 释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
3. JDBC API详解
3.1 DriverManager
/**
* JDBC API 详解：DriverManager
*/
public class JDBCDemo2_DriverManager {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "update account set money = 2000 where id = 1";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//受影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//7. 释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
3.2 Connection
/**
* JDBC API 详解：Connection
*/
public class JDBCDemo3_Connection {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql1 = "update account set money = 3000 where id = 1";
String sql2 = "update account set money = 3000 where id = 2";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try {
// 开启事务
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//5. 执行sql
int count1 = stmt.executeUpdate(sql1);//受影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count1);
int i = 3/0; //报错 -> 回滚事务
//5. 执行sql
int count2 = stmt.executeUpdate(sql2);//受影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count2);
// 提交事务
conn.commit();
} catch (Exception throwables) {
// 回滚事务
conn.rollback();
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
//7. 释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
3.3 Statement
/**
* JDBC API 详解：Statement
*/
public class JDBCDemo4_Statement {
/**
* 执行DML语句
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDML() throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "update account set money = 3000 where id = 1";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//执行完DML语句，受影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
//System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("修改成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("修改失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 执行DDL语句
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testDDL() throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "drop database db2";
//4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//执行完DDL语句，可能是0
//6. 处理结果
//System.out.println(count);
/* if(count > 0){
System.out.println("修改成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("修改失败~");
}*/
System.out.println(count);
//7. 释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
3.4 ResultSet
/**
* JDBC API 详解：ResultSet
*/
public class JDBCDemo_ResultSet {
/**
* 执行DQL
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testResultSet() throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "select * from account";
//4. 获取statement对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6. 处理结果， 遍历rs中的所有数据
/* // 6.1 光标向下移动一行，并且判断当前行是否有数据
while (rs.next()){
//6.2 获取数据 getXxx()
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(2);
double money = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id);
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(money);
System.out.println("--------------");
}*/
// 6.1 光标向下移动一行，并且判断当前行是否有数据
while (rs.next()){
//6.2 获取数据 getXxx()
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
double money = rs.getDouble("money");
System.out.println(id);
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(money);
System.out.println("--------------");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
/**
1
张三
3000.0
-------
2
李四
1000.0
-------
4
王五
3000.0
-------
*/
public class Account {
private int id;
private String name;
private double money;
//getters and setters and toString ...
}
public class JDBCDemo {
/**
* 查询account账户表数据，封装为Account对象中，并且存储到ArrayList集合中
* 1. 定义实体类Account
* 2. 查询数据，封装到Account对象中
* 3. 将Account对象存入ArrayList集合中
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testResultSet2() throws Exception {
//1. 注册驱动
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3. 定义sql
String sql = "select * from account";
//4. 获取statement对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5. 执行sql
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
// 创建集合
List<Account> list = new ArrayList<>();
// 6.1 光标向下移动一行，并且判断当前行是否有数据
while (rs.next()){
Account account = new Account();
//6.2 获取数据 getXxx()
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
double money = rs.getDouble("money");
//赋值
account.setId(id);
account.setName(name);
account.setMoney(money);
// 存入集合
list.add(account);
}
System.out.println(list);
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
// [Account{id=1, name='张三', money=3000.0}, ...]
3.5 PreparedStatement
-- 删除tb_user表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_user;
-- 创建tb_user表
CREATE TABLE tb_user(
id int,
username VARCHAR(20),
password VARCHAR(32)
);
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO tb_user VALUES(1,'zhangsan','123'),(2,'lisi','234');
SELECT * from tb_user;
public class JDBCDemo_UserLogin {
@Test
public void testLogin() throws Exception {
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "zhangsan";
String pwd = "fhsjkfhdsk";
String sql = "select * from tb_user where username = '"+name+"' and password = '"+pwd+"'";
// 获取stmt对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
// 执行sql
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
// 判断登录是否成功
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("登录成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 演示SQL注入
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testLogin_Inject() throws Exception {
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "hfkjsfhskj";
String pwd = "' or '1' = '1";
String sql = "select * from tb_user where username = '"+name+"' and password = '"+pwd+"'";
System.out.println(sql);
// 获取stmt对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
// 执行sql
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
// 判断登录是否成功
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("登录成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
public class JDBCDemo_PreparedStatement {
@Test
public void testPreparedStatement() throws Exception {
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "zhangsan";
String pwd = "' or '1' = '1";
// 定义sql
String sql = "select * from tb_user where username = ? and password = ?";
// 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
// 设置？的值
pstmt.setString(1,name);
pstmt.setString(2,pwd);
// 执行sql
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 判断登录是否成功
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("登录成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
public class JDBCDemo7_PreparedStatement {
/**
* PreparedStatement原理
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testPreparedStatement2() throws Exception {
//2. 获取连接：如果连接的是本机mysql并且端口是默认的 3306 可以简化书写
// useServerPrepStmts=true 参数开启预编译功能
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "zhangsan";
String pwd = "' or '1' = '1";
// 定义sql
String sql = "select * from tb_user where username = ? and password = ?";
// 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
Thread.sleep(10000);
// 设置？的值
pstmt.setString(1,name);
pstmt.setString(2,pwd);
ResultSet rs = null;
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 设置？的值
pstmt.setString(1,"aaa");
pstmt.setString(2,"bbb");
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 判断登录是否成功
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("登录成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
4. 数据库连接池
4.1 概述
4.2 Druid数据库连接池
配置信息：
public class DruidDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.导入jar包
//2.定义配置文件
//3. 加载配置文件
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("jdbc-demo/src/druid.properties"));
//4. 获取连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//5. 获取数据库连接 Connection
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
//System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.dir")); //帮找通用路径
}
}
5. 练习
5.1 环境准备
- 删除tb_brand表
drop table if exists tb_brand;
-- 创建tb_brand表
create table tb_brand
(
-- id 主键
id int primary key auto_increment,
-- 品牌名称
brand_name varchar(20),
-- 企业名称
company_name varchar(20),
-- 排序字段
ordered int,
-- 描述信息
description varchar(100),
-- 状态：0：禁用 1：启用
status int
);
-- 添加数据
insert into tb_brand (brand_name, company_name, ordered, description, status)
values ('三只松鼠', '三只松鼠股份有限公司', 5, '好吃不上火', 0),
('华为', '华为技术有限公司', 100, '华为致力于把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界', 1),
('小米', '小米科技有限公司', 50, 'are you ok', 1);
SELECT * FROM tb_brand;
5.2 数据库表 tb_band
5.3 实体类Brand
/**
* 品牌
*
* 快捷编辑： alt + 鼠标左键：整列编辑
*
* 在实体类中，基本数据类型建议使用其对应的包装类型
*/
public class Brand {
// id 主键
private Integer id;
// 品牌名称
private String brandName;
// 企业名称
private String companyName;
// 排序字段
private Integer ordered;
// 描述信息
private String description;
// 状态：0：禁用 1：启用
private Integer status;
// 最好用包装类型（Integer）而不是基本类型（int），因为int的默认值是0，而Interger默认是null
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getBrandName() {
return brandName;
}
public void setBrandName(String brandName) {
this.brandName = brandName;
}
public String getCompanyName() {
return companyName;
}
public void setCompanyName(String companyName) {
this.companyName = companyName;
}
public Integer getOrdered() {
return ordered;
}
public void setOrdered(Integer ordered) {
this.ordered = ordered;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public Integer getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Integer status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Brand{" +
"id=" + id +
", brandName='" + brandName + '\'' +
", companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
", ordered=" + ordered +
", description='" + description + '\'' +
", status=" + status +
'}';
}
}
5.4 测试用例
/**
* 品牌数据的增删改查操作
*/
public class BrandTest {
/**
* 查询所有
* 1. SQL：select * from tb_brand;
* 2. 参数：不需要
* 3. 结果：List<Brand>
*/
@Test
public void testSelectAll() throws Exception {
//1. 获取Connection
//1.1 加载配置文件
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("src/com/buluchacha/jdbc/druid.properties"));
//1.2 获取连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//1.3 获取数据库连接 Connection
Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
//2. 定义SQL
String sql = "select * from tb_brand;";
//3. 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 设置参数
//5. 执行SQL
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
//6. 处理结果 List<Brand> 封装Brand对象，装载List集合
Brand brand = null;
List<Brand> brands = new ArrayList<>();
while (rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String brandName = rs.getString("brand_name");
String companyName = rs.getString("company_name");
int ordered = rs.getInt("ordered");
String description = rs.getString("description");
int status = rs.getInt("status");
//封装Brand对象
brand = new Brand();
brand.setId(id);
brand.setBrandName(brandName);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
brand.setOrdered(ordered);
brand.setDescription(description);
brand.setStatus(status);
//装载集合
brands.add(brand);
}
System.out.println(brands);
// [Brand{id=1, brandName='三只松鼠', companyName='三只松鼠股份有限公司', ordered=5, description='好吃不上火', status=0},
// Brand{id=2, brandName='华为', companyName='华为技术有限公司', ordered=100, description='华为致力于把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界', status=1},
// Brand{id=3, brandName='小米', companyName='小米科技有限公司', ordered=50, description='are you ok', status=1},
// Brand{id=4, brandName='香飘飘', companyName='香飘飘', ordered=1, description='绕地球一圈', status=1}]
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 添加
* 1. SQL：insert into tb_brand(brand_name, company_name, ordered, description, status) values(?,?,?,?,?);
* 2. 参数：需要，除了id之外的所有参数信息
* 3. 结果：boolean
*/
@Test
public void testAdd() throws Exception {
// 接收页面提交的参数
String brandName = "香飘飘";
String companyName = "香飘飘";
int ordered = 1;
String description = "绕地球一圈";
int status = 1;
//1. 获取Connection
//1.1 加载配置文件
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("src/com/buluchacha/jdbc/druid.properties"));
//1.2 获取连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//1.3 获取数据库连接 Connection
Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
//2. 定义SQL
String sql = "insert into tb_brand(brand_name, company_name, ordered, description, status) values(?,?,?,?,?);";
//3. 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 设置参数
pstmt.setString(1,brandName);
pstmt.setString(2,companyName);
pstmt.setInt(3,ordered);
pstmt.setString(4,description);
pstmt.setInt(5,status);
//5. 执行SQL
int count = pstmt.executeUpdate(); // 影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count > 0); // true
//7. 释放资源
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 修改
* 1. SQL：
update tb_brand
set brand_name = ?,
company_name= ?,
ordered = ?,
description = ?,
status = ?
where id = ?
* 2. 参数：需要，所有数据
* 3. 结果：boolean
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws Exception {
// 接收页面提交的参数
String brandName = "香飘飘";
String companyName = "香飘飘";
int ordered = 1000;
String description = "绕地球三圈";
int status = 1;
int id = 4;
//1. 获取Connection
//1.1 加载配置文件
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("src/com/buluchacha/jdbc/druid.properties"));
//1.2 获取连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//1.3 获取数据库连接 Connection
Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
//2. 定义SQL
String sql = " update tb_brand\n" +
" set brand_name = ?,\n" +
" company_name= ?,\n" +
" ordered = ?,\n" +
" description = ?,\n" +
" status = ?\n" +
" where id = ?";
//3. 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 设置参数
pstmt.setString(1,brandName);
pstmt.setString(2,companyName);
pstmt.setInt(3,ordered);
pstmt.setString(4,description);
pstmt.setInt(5,status);
pstmt.setInt(6,id);
//5. 执行SQL
int count = pstmt.executeUpdate(); // 影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count > 0); // false
//7. 释放资源
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
/**
* 删除
* 1. SQL：
delete from tb_brand where id = ?
* 2. 参数：需要，id
* 3. 结果：boolean
*/
@Test
public void testDeleteById() throws Exception {
// 接收页面提交的参数
int id = 4;
//1. 获取Connection
//1.1 加载配置文件
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("src/com/buluchacha/jdbc/druid.properties"));
//1.2 获取连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//1.3 获取数据库连接 Connection
Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
//2. 定义SQL
String sql = " delete from tb_brand where id = ?";
//3. 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 设置参数
pstmt.setInt(1,id);
//5. 执行SQL
int count = pstmt.executeUpdate(); // 影响的行数
//6. 处理结果
System.out.println(count > 0); // true
//7. 释放资源
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
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