MariaDB为可替代MySQL的增强版本, 但在已安装了mysql的情况下同时也能安装MariaDB. (这是有意义的, 例如你想从一个数据库/应用迁移到另一个数据库/应用中.)
以下是在已安装MySQL的情况下,安装MariaDB的主要步骤.
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# cat /etc/issue
- CentOS release 6.2 (Final)
-
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# rpm -qa mysql*
- mysql-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
- mysql-libs-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
- mysql-server-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
-
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# ps axf | grep mysqld
- 2072 pts/0 S+ 0:00 \_ grep mysqld
- 1867 ? S 0:01 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ...
- 1974 ? Sl 0:06 \_ /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql ...
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# mkdir mariadb-data
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64 mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# ls -al
- total 20
- drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:27 .
- dr-xr-xr-x. 23 root root 4096 2012-06-06 06:38 ..
- lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 2012-06-06 07:27 mariadb -> mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64
- drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:07 mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64
- drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:26 mariadb-data
- 创建组mariadb及用户mariadb, 设置文件对应的所属权限:
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# groupadd --system mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# useradd -c "MariaDB Server" -d /opt/mariadb -g mariadb --system mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown -R mariadb:mariadb mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64/
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown -R mariadb:mariadb mariadb-data/
- 通过从support-files中拷贝my.cnf, 在/opt/mariadb目录下创建新的my.cnf:
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cp mariadb/support-files/my-medium.cnf mariadb-data/my.cnf
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown mariadb:mariadb mariadb-data/my.cnf
- 编辑文件/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf, 增加自定义值, socket, port, user及最重要的设置: data目录和base目录. 最后的设置至少是这样的:
- [client]
- port = 3307
- socket = /opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
-
- [mysqld]
- datadir = /opt/mariadb-data
- basedir = /opt/mariadb
- port = 3307
- socket = /opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
- user = mariadb
- 从support-files文件中拷贝init.d脚本到对应的位置:
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cp mariadb/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mariadb
- 编辑/etc/init.d/mariadb,使用
mariadb替换
mysql设置项, 如下所示:
- - # Provides: mysql
- + # Provides: mariadb
- - basedir=
- + basedir=/opt/mariadb
- - datadir=
- + datadir=/opt/mariadb-data
- - lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
- + lock_file_path="$lockdir/mariadb"
最麻烦的步骤是该文件最后的修改. 你需要告诉mariadb读取唯一的cnf文件. 在$bindir/mysqld_safe之后加上--defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf. 最后参数设置应该是这样的:
- # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
- # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
- $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
- 显式指定
my.cnf作为传入参数,来运行
mysql_install_db:
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cd mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql mariadb]# scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start
- Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cd /etc/init.d
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql init.d]# chkconfig --add mariadb
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql init.d]# chkconfig --levels 3 mariadb on
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# mysql -e "SELECT VERSION();"
- +-----------+
- | VERSION() |
- +-----------+
- | 5.1.61 |
- +-----------+
- [root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# mysql -e "SELECT VERSION();" --socket=/opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
- +----------------+
- | VERSION() |
- +----------------+
- | 5.5.24-MariaDB |
- +----------------+
如何升级MariaDB?
如果你想升级MariaDB,可通过/opt/mariadb-dat目录下的mariadb.socket, my.cnf及 databases, 完成以下步骤即可完成升级:
- 从新版MariaDB包解压文件到/opt目录(可放到与当前版本所在目录的同级位置)
- 停止运行当前MariaDB
- 更改符号链接mariadb,使其指向新版本包所在的目录
- 重新启动MariaDB
- 运行升级脚本...但要记得提供socket选项: --socket=/opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock