第十一单元 序列化器

模型类：

class People(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=5, verbose_name='性别')
    money = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='身价')
    ranking = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='排名')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '名人表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = 'people'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

1. 配置项目

配置setting.py文件

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework', # drf框架
    'myapp', # 子应用
    'corsheaders'  # 跨域
]
# 配置参数，允许所有源访问
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware'  # 跨域中间件
]

2. 普通序列化器

导入模块

from rest_framework import serializers

普通序列化器

# 普通序列化器！！！
class PeopleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    # id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
    sex = serializers.CharField(max_length=5)
    money = serializers.IntegerField()
    ranking = serializers.IntegerField()

    # 新增数据会调用create方法
    def create(self, validated_data):
        obj = People.objects.create(
            **validated_data
        )
        # 返回新生成的ORM对象
        return obj

    # 修改数据需要实现update方法
    # instance,要修改的ORM对象(实例)
    # validated_data, 用于修改ORM对象的数据
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.name = validated_data.get('name')
        instance.sex = validated_data.get('sex')
        instance.money = validated_data.get('money')
        instance.ranking = validated_data.get('ranking')
        instance.save()
        # 返回修改后的ORM对象
        return instance

3. 模型序列化器

导入

from rest_framework import serializers

模型序列化器

# 模型序列化器
class PeopleSerialzes2(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        # 指定模型类
        model = People
        # 指定映射字段
        fields = '__all__'

模型序列化器配置

class GoodsSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Goods
        fields = '__all__' # 指明所有模型类字段
        # exclude = ('createtime',) # 排除掉的字段
        # read_only_fields = ('title','description') # 只用于序列化的字段
        # fields = ('title','description','inventory') # 手动指明字段
        # extra_kwargs = {
        #     'price':{'min_value':0, 'required':True},
        # } # 修改原有字段的选项参数

4. 增删改查视图代码

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from myapp.models import People
from myapp.serializers import PeopleSerialzes,PeopleSerialzes2
# Create your views here.
class MyView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        print(request.query_params)
        return Response({'msg':'success'},status=200)
    def post(self,request):
        print(request.data)
        return Response({'msg':'success'},status=201)

路由：

    path('people/',views.PeopleView.as_view()),

class PeopleView(APIView):
		# 获取所有人物信息
    def get(self,request):
        people = People.objects.all()
        # people是要序列化的数据，many=True多个数据
        # 使用序列化器 对数据进行 序列化
        ser = PeopleSerialzes2(people,many=True)
        # 注意：返回的是.data
        return Response(ser.data,status=200)
		# 添加人物信息
    def post(self,request):
        # 使用序列化器进行反序列化 data=request.data要反序列化的数据
        ser = PeopleSerialzes2(data=request.data)
        # 判断反序列化是否成功
        # raise_exception=True如果出现异常会抛出异常
        if ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
            # 如果反序列化成功保存
            ser.save()
            # 201 添加或修改成功
            return Response({'msg':'success'},status=201)
        return Response({'msg':'error'})

路由：

    path('people/<int:id>/',views.PeopleView2.as_view()),

class PeopleView2(APIView):
  # 查询一个人物信息
  def get(self,request,id):
      try:
          peo_data = People.objects.get(id=id)
      except Exception as e:
          print(e)
          # 404数据不存在
          return Response({'msg':'error'},status=404)
      # 对ORM操作查询到的数据进行序列化
      ser = PeopleSerialzes2(peo_data)
      # 查询成功
      return Response(ser.data,status=200)
  # 修改一个人物信息
  def put(self, request, id):
      try:
          peo_data = People.objects.get(id=id)
      except Exception as e:
          print(e)
          # 404数据不存在
          return Response({'msg': 'error'}, status=404)
      # 对要更新的数据进行 反序列化
      # instance=peo_data,要修改的ORM对象（实例）
      # data=request.data,用于修改ORM对象的数据
      ser = PeopleSerialzes2(instance=peo_data, data=request.data)
      # 判断反序列化是否成功
      if ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
          # 调用.save保存
          ser.save()
          # 201 添加/修改成功
          return Response({'msg':'success'},status=201)
      return Response({'msg':'error'},status=500)

  # 删除一个人物信息
  def delete(self,request,id):
      try:
          People.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
      except Exception as e:
          print(e)
          # 404数据不存在
          return Response({'msg':'error'},status=404)
      # 204删除成功
      return Response({'msg':'success'},status=204)