转载自 : http://android.yaohuiji.com/archives/727
转载自 : http://wayfarer.iteye.com/blog/586157
本讲内容: Broadcast Receiver 的使用
1、Broadcast Receiver简介
2、Broadcast Receiver接收系统自带的广播
3、自定义广播
一、Broadcast Receiver简介
Android中的四大组件是 Activity、Service、Broadcast和Content Provider。而Intent是一个对动作和行为的抽象描述,负责组件之间程序之间进行消息传递。那么Broadcast Receiver组件就提供了一种把Intent作为一个消息广播出去,由所有对其感兴趣的程序对其作出反应的机制。
二、Broadcast Receiver接收系统自带的广播
我们做一个例子,功能是在系统启动时播放一首音乐。
1、建立一个项目Lesson21_BroadcastReceiver,拷贝一首音乐进res/raw目录
2、建立HelloBroadcastReceiver.java 内容如下:
01 | package android.basic.lesson21; |
03 | import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; |
04 | import android.content.Context; |
05 | import android.content.Intent; |
06 | import android.media.MediaPlayer; |
07 | import android.util.Log; |
09 | public class HelloBroadReciever extends BroadcastReceiver { |
13 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { |
15 | Log.e( "HelloBroadReciever" , "BOOT_COMPLETED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" ); |
16 | Log.e( "HelloBroadReciever" , "" +intent.getAction()); |
19 | MediaPlayer.create(context, R.raw.babayetu).start(); |
3、在AndroidManifest.xml中注册此Receiver :
01 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> |
03 | < application android:icon = "@drawable/icon" android:label = "@string/app_name" > |
04 | < activity android:label = "@string/app_name" android:name = ".MainBroadcastReceiver" > |
06 | < action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" > |
07 | < category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" > |
08 | </ category ></ action ></ intent > |
11 | < receiver android:name = "HelloBroadReciever" > |
13 | < action android:name = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" > |
16 | </ application ></ manifest > |
4、发布程序,启动模拟器,可以在Logcat中看到:
![~OY1$Y7O3}O64K{UCN_@$79 ~OY1$Y7O3}O64K{UCN_@$79](http://android.yaohuiji.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/OY1Y7O3O64KUCN_79_thumb.jpg)
同时能听到音乐播放的声音。说明我们确实接收到了系统启动的广播事件,并做出了响应。
![image image](http://android.yaohuiji.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/image_thumb16.png)
三、自定义广播
下面我们学习自己制作一个广播。我们接着刚才的例子,继续写下去。
5、在MainBroadcastReceiver.java中填写如下代码:
01 | package android.basic.lesson21; |
03 | import android.app.Activity; |
04 | import android.content.Intent; |
05 | import android.os.Bundle; |
06 | import android.view.View; |
07 | import android.widget.Button; |
09 | public class MainBroadcastReceiver extends Activity { |
10 | /** Called when the activity is first created. */ |
12 | public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { |
13 | super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); |
14 | setContentView(R.layout.main); |
16 | Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01); |
18 | b1.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { |
21 | public void onClick(View v) { |
23 | Intent intent = new Intent().setAction( |
24 | "android.basic.lesson21.Hello" ).putExtra( "yaoyao" , |
25 | "yaoyao is 189 days old ,27 weeks -- 2010-08-10" ); |
27 | sendBroadcast(intent); |
6、更改 HelloBroadReceiver.java 内容如下:
01 | package android.basic.lesson21; |
03 | import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; |
04 | import android.content.Context; |
05 | import android.content.Intent; |
06 | import android.media.MediaPlayer; |
07 | import android.util.Log; |
09 | public class HelloBroadReciever extends BroadcastReceiver { |
13 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { |
15 | if (intent.getAction().equals( "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" )){ |
16 | Log.e( "HelloBroadReciever" , "BOOT_COMPLETED !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" ); |
19 | if (intent.getAction().equals( "android.basic.lesson21.Hello" )){ |
20 | Log.e( "HelloBroadReciever" , "Say Hello to Yaoyao !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" ); |
21 | Log.e( "HelloBroadReciever" , intent.getStringExtra( "yaoyao" )); |
25 | MediaPlayer.create(context, R.raw.babayetu).start(); |
7、更改 AndroidManifest.xml 内容如下:
01 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> |
03 | < application android:icon = "@drawable/icon" android:label = "@string/app_name" > |
04 | < activity android:label = "@string/app_name" android:name = ".MainBroadcastReceiver" > |
06 | < action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" > |
07 | < category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" > |
08 | </ category ></ action ></ intent > |
11 | < receiver android:name = "HelloBroadReciever" > |
13 | < action android:name = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" > |
16 | < action android:name = "android.basic.lesson21.HelloYaoYao" > |
21 | < uses -sdk = "" android:minsdkversion = "8" > |
8、运行程序,点击按钮,查看LogCat,听听声音
![image image](http://android.yaohuiji.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/image_thumb17.png)
![3@({Q[{{(E1EA7UQTZ[TDGK 3@({Q[{{(E1EA7UQTZ[TDGK](http://android.yaohuiji.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/3QE1EA7UQTZTDGK_thumb.jpg)
好了,本讲就到这里。
2
Broadcast Receiver用于接收并处理广播通知(broadcast announcements)。多数的广播是系统发起的,如地域变换、电量不足、来电来信等。程序也可以播放一个广播。程序可以有任意数量的 broadcast receivers来响应它觉得重要的通知。broadcast receiver可以通过多种方式通知用户:启动activity、使用NotificationManager、开启背景灯、振动设备、播放声音等,最 典型的是在状态栏显示一个图标,这样用户就可以点它打开看通知内容。
通常我们的某个应用或系统本身在某些事件(电池电量不足、来电来短信)来临时会广播一个Intent出去,我们可以利用注册一个Broadcast Receiver来监听到这些Intent并获取Intent中的数据。
1. 我们自己的程序主动广播Intent
- final String BROADCAST = "com.forrest.action.mybroadcast";
- Intent intent = new Intent(BROADCAST);
- intent.putExtra("data_title", "来短信啦");
- intent.putExtra("data_text", "美女你好,晚上可有空");
- sendBroadcast(intent);
2.接收广播
接收broadcast需要注册一个Broadcast Receiver,并且要注册一个Intent Filter来制定Broadcase Receiver是对哪些Intent进行监听。
(1)注册Broadcast Receiver
一个Broadcast receiver只有一个简单的回调函数:onReceive(Context curContext, Intent broadcastMsg),当一个广播消息被Receiver监听到时,Android会调用它的onReceive()方法,并将包含消息的Intent对象传给它。onReceive中代码的执行时间不要超过5s,否则android会弹出超时dialog。 此时是否另开一个线程来处理耗时的操作呢?
Receiver只在onReceive方法执行时是激活状态,只要onReceive一返回,Receiver就不再是激活状态了。Receiver进程是被一个激活状态的broadcast receiver所保护而不被系统终止的,一旦onReceive返回,Receiver进程broadcast receiver所保护而变为一个空进程,空进程是可以在任意时刻被终止的。这就带来了一个问题:当响应一个广播信息的处理十分耗时的时候,那么就应该把这个处理放在一个单独的线程里去执行,来保证主线程里的其他用户交互组件能够继续运行,而一旦这么做,当onReceive()唤起一个线程后就会马上返回,这时就会把Receiver进程放到被终止的境地。解决这个问题的方案是在onReceive()里开始一个Service,让这个Service去做这件事情,那么系统就会认为这个进程里还有活动正在进行。
(2)注册/注销Broadcast Receiver
1)在AndroidManifest.xml中注册
- <receiver android:name="Receiver1">
- <intent-filter>
-
- <action android:name="com.forrest.action.mybroadcast"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
2)在代码中注册
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("com.forrest.action.mybroadcast");
- MyBroadcastReceiver br = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
- registerReceiver(new MyBroadcastReceiver(), filter);
3)注销
3. 示例代码
- public class Receiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
- private Context context;
- public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 10001;
-
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- this.context = context;
- showNotification();
- }
-
- private void showNotification() {
- Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, "来电话啦...", System.currentTimeMillis());
- PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, new Intent(context, MainActivity.class), 0);
- notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, "来电话啦...嘿嘿", "赶紧接电话,否则误大事了", contentIntent);
-
- NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(
- android.content.Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
- notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
- }
- }
- public class Receiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
- private Context context;
-
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- this.context = context;
- deleteNotification();
- }
-
- private void deleteNotification() {
- NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(android.content.Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
- notificationManager.cancel(Receiver1.NOTIFICATION_ID);
- }
- }
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private final String ACTION_SEND = "com.forrest.action.SENDMESSAGE",
- ACTION_CLEAR = "com.forrest.action.CLEARNOTIFICATION";
-
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ( (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1) ).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- clickMenuItem(ACTION_SEND);
- }
- });
- ( (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2) ).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- clickMenuItem(ACTION_CLEAR);
- }
- });
- }
-
- private void clickMenuItem(final String action) {
- Intent intent = new Intent(action);
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
- }
注册Broadcast Reciver
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
- android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <receiver android:name="Receiver1">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="com.forrest.action.SENDMESSAGE"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- <receiver android:name="Receiver2">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="com.forrest.action.CLEARNOTIFICATION"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>
4.