Braodcast Receiver顾名思义就是广播接收器,它和时间处理机制类似,但是事件处理机制是程序组件级别的(比如:按钮的单击事件),而广播事件处理机制是系统级别的。我们可以用Intent来启动一个组件,也可以用sendBroadcast()方法发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递消息。我们同样可以在自己的应用程序中实现Broadcast Receiver来监听和响应广播的Intent。
事件的广播通过创建Intent对象并调用sendBroadcast()方法将广播发出。事件的接受是通过定义一个继承BroadcastReceiver的类来实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应时间。
下面是android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统的广播事件。
①ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)
②ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED(系统启动完成后触发)--比如有些程序开机后启动就是用这种方式来实现的
③ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED(添加包时触发)
④ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED(电量低时触发)
详细:标准广播ACTION常量
常量名称 | 常量值 | 意义 |
ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED | android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED | 系统启动完成 |
ACTION_TIME_CHANGED | android.intent.action.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED | 时间改变 |
ACITON_DATE_CHANGED | android.intent.action.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED | 日期改变 |
ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED | android.intent.action.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED | 时区该表 |
ACTION_BATTERY_LOW | android.intent.action.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW | 电量低 |
ACTION_MEDIA_EJECT | android.intent.action.ACTION_MEDIA_EJECT | 插入或拔出外部媒体 |
ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON | android.intent.action.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON | 按下媒体按钮 |
ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED | android.intent.action.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED | 添加包 |
ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED | android.intent.action.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED | 删除包 |
在这里,要练习3个内容
①自定义Broadcast Receiver
②Notification和NotificationManager的使用
③AlarmManager的使用
1、首先看一个自定义的广播事件的例子
package org.hualang.broadcast;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class BroadCastTest extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private static final String MY_ACTION="org.hualang.broadcast.action.MY_ACTION";
private Button btn;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setAction(MY_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg", "同志们好!同志们辛苦啦!");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
}
MyReceiver.java
package org.hualang.broadcast;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String msg=arg1.getStringExtra("msg");
Toast.makeText(arg0, msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
注意:在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="org.hualang.broadcast.action.MY_ACTION"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
我们还可以在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注销一个广播接收器,一般在Activity.onResume()方法中使用Context.registerReceiver()方法来注册一个广播接收器,在Activity.onPause()中使用unregisterReceiver(r)方法注销一个广播接收器,例如:
//实例化intent过滤器
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilte();
//实例化Receiver
MyReceiver r = new Receiver();
//注册Receiver
registerReceiver(r,filter);
为了注销一个BroadcastReceiver,应使用Context.unregisterReceiver方法,传入一个BroadcastReceiver实例
//注销
unregisterReceiver(r);
2、下面的是Notification的例子,比如手机来短信的时候,会在屏幕最上边有一个通知,那个就是Notification
DisplayActivity.java
package org.hualang.notify;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class DisplayActivity extends Activity {
private Button cancelbtn;
private Notification n;
private NotificationManager nm;
private static final int ID=1;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main2);
cancelbtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
String service = NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;
nm = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(service);
n = new Notification();
int icon = n.icon =R.drawable.icon;
String tickerText = "喜欢HTC的样子,喜欢defy的配置";
long when = System.currentTimeMillis();
n.icon = icon;
n.tickerText = tickerText;
n.when = when;
Intent intent = new Intent(this,NotifyTest2.class);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0 , intent , 0);
n.setLatestEventInfo(this, "My Title", "My Content", pi);
nm.notify(ID, n);
cancelbtn.setOnClickListener(cancelListener);
}
private OnClickListener cancelListener=new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
nm.cancel(ID);
}
};
}
MyReceiver.java
package org.hualang.notify;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Intent i=new Intent();
i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
i.setClass(context,DisplayActivity.class);
context.startActivity(i);
}
}
NotifyTest2.java
package org.hualang.notify;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class NotifyTest2 extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private Button btn;
private static final String MY_ACTION="org.hualang.notify.aciton.MY_ACITON";
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
btn.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setAction(MY_ACTION);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
};
}
注册AndroidManifest.xml
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="org.hualang.notify.aciton.MY_ACITON"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<activity android:name="DisplayActivity">
</activity>
运行结果如下:
3、下面是AlarmManager的例子,它是一个闹钟,感兴趣的朋友可以自己写一个小闹钟
AlarmManager常用的属性和方法
属性或方法名称 | 说明 |
ELAPSED_REALTIME | 设置闹钟时间,从系统启动开始 |
ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP | 设置闹钟时间,从系统启动开始,如火设备休眠则唤醒 |
INTERVAL_DAY | 设置闹钟时间,间隔一天 |
INTERVAL_FIFTEEN_MINUTES | 间隔15分钟 |
INTERVAL_HALF_DAY | 间隔半天 |
INTERVAL_HALF_HOUR | 间隔半小时 |
INTERVAL_HOUR | 间隔1小时 |
RTC | 设置闹钟时间,从系统当前时间开始(System.currentTimeMillis()) |
RTC_WAKEUP | 设置闹钟时间,从系统当前时间开始,设备休眠则唤醒 |
set(int type,long tiggerAtTime,PendingIntent operation) | 设置在某个时间执行闹钟 |
setRepeating(int type,long triggerAtTiem,long interval,PendingIntent operation) | 设置在某个时间重复执行闹钟 |
setInexactRepeating(int type,long triggerAtTiem,long interval,PendingIntent operation) | 是指在某个时间重复执行闹钟,但不是间隔固定时间 |
AlarmTest.java
package org.hualang.alarm;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class AlarmTest extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private Button btn1,btn2;
private static final String BC_ACTION="org.hualang.alarm.action.BC_ACTION";
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btn1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
btn2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
final AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(BC_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg", "你该起床了");
final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(AlarmTest.this, 0, intent, 0);
final long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, time, 5*1000, pi);
}
});
btn2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
am.cancel(pi);
}
});
}
}
MyReceiver.java
package org.hualang.alarm;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String msg=intent.getStringExtra("msg");
Log.v("SERVICE","QIAN----------------------");
Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.v("SERVICE", "HOU-----------------------");
}
}
注册AndroidManifest.xml
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="org.hualang.alarm.action.BC_ACTION"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
运行结果:
点击设置闹钟后,会每隔5秒弹出一个Toast,点击取消闹钟就不会弹出了