Spring Web MVC
Spring框架功能,基于IOC容器,用于按照MVC结构去开发Web程序
Spring Web MVC结构
设计请求 - 相应的处理流程
/list.do->DispatcherServlet->HandlerMapping->ListController->ViewResolver->/list,jsp
/add.do->DispatcherServlet->HandlerMapping->AddController->ViewResolver->/success.jsp
/hello.do->DispatcherServlet->HandlerMapping->He1loController->ViewResolver->/hel1o.jsp
流程的实现
编写流程中需要的组件,然后追加组件配置。
- hello.jsp
- HelloController
HelloController代码实现
package biuaxia.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
/**
* ModelAndView封装了视图名字和传出的数据
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
// 调用模型组件处理
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.setViewName("hello");// 找到hello视图
view.getModel().put("data", "傻屌队友");// 放入数据,可以传递到jsp
return view;
}
}
实现Controller接口(需要导入spring-webmvc.jar包),完成handleRequest方法,返回一个ModelAndView对象,设置视图名和传出数据
流程的配置
- DispatcherServlet的配置(web.xml)
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- HandlerMapping的配置(spring-mvc.xml)
<!-- HandlerMapping -->
<!-- 维护请求,负责找到各种方法 -->
<bean id="handler"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!-- <prop key="请求地址">请求的Controller对象id</prop> -->
<prop key="/hello.do">helloController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
- Controller的配置
<!-- Controller,id名约定和handlerMapping对应 -->
<bean id="helloController" class="biuaxia.controller.HelloController"></bean>
- viewResolver配置
<!-- ViewResolver,id名没有约定 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 指定位置,比如我的文件在/web-inf文件夹下,那么这里就应该是value="/WEB-INF/" -->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<!-- 指定视图类型,这里就是匹配文件的后缀名,比如视图返回的是hello,那么这里value如果是.jsp就会让用户访问到hello.jsp -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
简化HandlerMapping
修改原来的handler组件如下:
<bean id="handler1" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<bean id="handler2" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
或者最简
使用RequestMappingHandlerMapping组件,支持@RequestMapping注解标记,加载Controller方法前
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
修改HelloController
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
/**
* Class Describe:测试hello.do访问
*
* @author biuaxia
* @date 2018/11/13
* @time 14:15
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
/**
* 简化版本
* 这个可以不继承接口,并且方法名也没有限制啦
*/
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
public ModelAndView execute() {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.setViewName("hello");
view.getModel().put("data", "我是最简的版本鸭");
return view;
}
}
- Controller组件编写和配置
Controller组件类可以不用实现Controller接口,方法可以灵活定义
/**无参*/
public ModelAndView xxx(){...}
/**带request*/
public ModelAndView xxx(HttpServletRequest request){...}
/**带response*/
public ModelAndView xxx(HttpServletResponse response){...}
/**带request和response*/
public ModelAndView xxx(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){...}
Controller配置可以用组件扫描,在Controller组件上使用@Controller标记
<context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>
web.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>hello.do</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
配置过程的404解决
- 可能是helloController的setViewName大小写错误,里面的值应当是页面的名字,不带后缀的吼!
- hello.jsp的位置和spring-mvc.xml配置的位置不一样,修改
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
中value的位置,大小写保持一致即可
建议
把jsp页面放在WEB-INF
目录下,避免浏览器直接访问
列表显示
/list.do
->DispatcherServlet
->HandlerMapping
->ListController
->ViewResolver
->/WEB-INF/list.jsp
web.xml可以指定多个Spring配置文件,用逗号隔开
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml,classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
Controller使用DAO或Service,都可以采用IOC注入方式使用
@Controller
public class ListController {
@Resource
private NewsDao newsDao;//省略了setNewsDao方法
//其他省略
}
list.jsp页面采用JSTL+EL表达式列表显示
- 导入jstl开发包
- 在jsp添加标签库引入
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
- 使用<c:forEach>标记循环
<table>
<c:forEach items="${news}" var="news">
<tr>
<td>${news.title}</td>
<td>${news.releaseTime}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
Spring功能结构图