设计模式-抽象工厂模式-abstractfactory-python

def

为创建一组相关或相互依赖的对象提供一个接口， 而且无须指定它们的具体类。

usage

● 封装性。每个产品的实现类不是高层模块要关心的， 只要知道工厂类是谁， 我就
能创建出一个需要的对象， 省时省力， 优秀设计就应该如此。

● 产品族内的约束为非公开状态。 生产过程对调用工厂类的高层模块来说是透明的， 它不需要知道这个约束， 具体的产品族内的约束是在工厂内实现的。

attention

抽象工厂模式的最大缺点就是产品族扩展非常困难。

抽象工厂模式的使用场景定义非常简单： 一个对象族（或是一组没有任何关系的对象）都有相同的约束， 则可以使用抽象工厂模式。

code

class PetShop(object):

    """A pet shop"""

    def __init__(self, animal_factory=None):
        """pet_factory is our abstract factory.  We can set it at will."""

        self.pet_factory = animal_factory

    def show_pet(self):
        """Creates and shows a pet using the abstract factory"""

        pet = self.pet_factory.get_pet()
        print("We have a lovely {}".format(pet))
        print("It says {}".format(pet.speak()))
        print("We also have {}".format(self.pet_factory.get_food()))


# Stuff that our factory makes

class Dog(object):

    def speak(self):
        return "woof"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Dog"


class Cat(object):

    def speak(self):
        return "meow"

    def __str__(self):
        return "Cat"


# Factory classes

class DogFactory(object):

    def get_pet(self):
        return Dog()

    def get_food(self):
        return "dog food"


class CatFactory(object):

    def get_pet(self):
        return Cat()

    def get_food(self):
        return "cat food"


# Create the proper family
def get_factory():
    """Let's be dynamic!"""
    return random.choice([DogFactory, CatFactory])()


# 抽象工厂在这里！！！
@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
class Pet(object):

    @classmethod
    def from_name(cls, name):
        for sub_cls in cls.__subclasses__():
            if name == sub_cls.__name__.lower():
                return sub_cls()

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def speak(self):
        """"""


class Kitty(Pet):
    def speak(self):
        return "Miao"


class Duck(Pet):
    def speak(self):
        return "Quak"


# Show pets with various factories
if __name__ == "__main__":
    for i in range(3):
        shop = PetShop(get_factory())
        shop.show_pet()
        print("=" * 20)

    for name0 in ["kitty", "duck"]:
        pet = Pet.from_name(name0)
        print("{}: {}".format(name0, pet.speak()))

### OUTPUT ###
# We have a lovely Cat
# It says meow
# We also have cat food
# ====================
# We have a lovely Dog
# It says woof
# We also have dog food
# ====================
# We have a lovely Cat
# It says meow
# We also have cat food
# ====================
# kitty: Miao
# duck: Quak