自动创建文件输出目录[重复]

本文翻译自：Automatically creating directories with file output [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: 可能重复：
mkdir -p functionality in python python中的mkdir -p功能

Say I want to make a file: 说我想制作一个文件：

filename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"

with open(filename, "w") as f:
    f.write("FOOBAR")

This gives an IOError , since /foo/bar does not exist. 这给出了一个IOError ，因为/foo/bar不存在。

What is the most pythonic way to generate those directories automatically? 什么是自动生成这些目录的最pythonic方式？ Is it necessary for me explicitly call os.path.exists and os.mkdir on every single one (ie, /foo, then /foo/bar)? 是否有必要在每一个上显式调用os.path.exists和os.mkdir （即/ foo，然后是/ foo / bar）？

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/Qwmn/自动创建文件输出目录-重复

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#2楼

The os.makedirs function does this. os.makedirs函数就是这样做的。 Try the following: 请尝试以下方法：

import os
import errno

filename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"
if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(filename)):
    try:
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename))
    except OSError as exc: # Guard against race condition
        if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            raise

with open(filename, "w") as f:
    f.write("FOOBAR")

The reason to add the try-except block is to handle the case when the directory was created between the os.path.exists and the os.makedirs calls, so that to protect us from race conditions. 添加try-except块的原因是为了处理在os.path.exists和os.makedirs调用之间创建目录的情况，以便保护我们免受竞争条件的影响。

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In Python 3.2+, there is a more elegant way that avoids the race condition above: 在Python 3.2+中，有一种更优雅的方式可以避免上面的竞争条件：

filename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"¨
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
with open(filename, "w") as f:
    f.write("FOOBAR")