python watchdog：跨平台实时监控某个目录下资源变化

1. 按

python watchdog是一个跨平台的，可用于监控某个目录下资源（文件和文件夹）变化的库。pyinotify功能和watchdog类似，但却不是跨平台的，只支持在Linux系统下使用，而无法在其他平台，如Windows系统下运行。

2. 介绍

• 安装：pip3 install watchdog
• GitHub：https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog
• 文档：https://pythonhosted.org/watchdog/

3. 实例

3.1. 简单实例

import sys
import time
import logging
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler

if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
                        datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'
    event_handler = LoggingEventHandler()
    observer = Observer()
    observer.schedule(event_handler, path, recursive=True)
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
    observer.join()

3.2. 自定义处理事件

watchdog用来监控指定目录/文件的变化，如添加删除文件或目录、修改文件内容、重命名文件或目录等，每种变化都会产生一个事件，且有一个特定的事件类与之对应，然后再通过事件处理类来处理对应的事件，怎么样处理事件完全可以自定义，只需继承事件处理类的基类并重写对应实例方法。
watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler事件处理器的基类，用于处理事件，用户需继承该类，并在子类中重写对应方法。

import time
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
 
class MyHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    
    def on_moved(self, event):
        super(MyHandler, self).on_moved(event)
        now_time = time.strftime("[\033[32m INFO \033[0m]\033[34m %H:%M:%S \033[0m", time.localtime())
        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        print("{0} {1} Moved : from {2} to {3}".format(now_time, what, event.src_path, event.dest_path))

    def on_deleted(self, event):
        super(MyHandler, self).on_deleted(event)
        now_time = time.strftime("[\033[32m INFO \033[0m]\033[34m %H:%M:%S \033[0m", time.localtime())
        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        print("{0} {1} Deleted : {2} ".format(now_time, what, event.src_path))

    def on_modified(self, event):
        super(MyHandler, self).on_modified(event)
        now_time = time.strftime("[\033[32m INFO \033[0m]\033[34m %H:%M:%S \033[0m", time.localtime())
        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        print("{0} {1} Modified : {2} ".format(now_time, what, event.src_path))
        
    def on_created(self, event):
        super(MyHandler, self).on_moved(event)
        now_time = time.strftime("[\033[32m INFO \033[0m]\033[34m %H:%M:%S \033[0m", time.localtime())
        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        print("{0} {1} Created : {2} ".format(now_time, what, event.src_path))
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    event_handler = MyHandler()
    observer = Observer()
    observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.', recursive=False)
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
    observer.join()

• 扩展：self.dispatch(event)接收到一个事件后，通过该方法来决定该event由下面哪个方法处理。

  def dispatch(self, event):
      """Dispatches events to the appropriate methods.
  
      :param event:
          The event object representing the file system event.
      :type event:
          :class:`FileSystemEvent`
      """
      self.on_any_event(event)
      _method_map = {
          EVENT_TYPE_MODIFIED: self.on_modified,
          EVENT_TYPE_MOVED: self.on_moved,
          EVENT_TYPE_CREATED: self.on_created,
          EVENT_TYPE_DELETED: self.on_deleted,
      }
      event_type = event.event_type
      _method_map[event_type](event)