1. 问题重现
问题代码
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 0, 'c': 1, 'd': 0}
filters = ["a", "c"]
for k in dic:
if k not in filters:
dic.pop(k)
print(dic)
根据pep-0234/所述,我们可以知道字典在遍历时不能进行修改,所以当我们在遍历字典时,因此当我们尝试在遍历字典时删除字典元素会报错:RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
2. 解决方案
2.1. 把所有键先转成列表或集合保存后再删除
把字典里的所有键先转成列表或集合保存起来,然后再进行删除操作,因此修复后的代码为:
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 0, 'c': 1, 'd': 0}
filters = ["a", "c"]
for k in list(dic):
if k not in filters:
dic.pop(k)
print(dic)
2.2. 把待删除的键先转成列表或集合保存后再删除
把字典里的待删除的键先找到,并保存成列表或集合,然后再进行删除操作,因此修复代码还可以为:
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 0, 'c': 1, 'd': 0}
filters = ["a", "c"]
delete_keys = [k for k in dic if k not in filters]
for k in delete_keys:
dic.pop(k)
print(dic)