C++向上取整，向下取整，四舍五入实例解读---L1-015. 跟奥巴马一起画方块

美国总统奥巴马不仅呼吁所有人都学习编程，甚至以身作则编写代码，成为美国历史上首位编写计算机代码的总统。2014年底，为庆祝“计算机科学教育周”正式启动，奥巴马编写了很简单的计算机代码：在屏幕上画一个正方形。现在你也跟他一起画吧！

输入格式：

输入在一行中给出正方形边长N（3<=N<=21）和组成正方形边的某种字符C，间隔一个空格。

输出格式：

输出由给定字符C画出的正方形。但是注意到行间距比列间距大，所以为了让结果看上去更像正方形，我们输出的行数实际上是列数的50%（四舍五入取整）。

输入样例：

10 a

输出样例：

aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa

代码示例：
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    double n;
    int line,column,i,j;//line代表横行，column代表竖列。
    char c;
    cin>>n>>c;
    line=round(n/2);//round四舍五入，ceil向上取整，floor向下取整
    column=n;
    for(i=1;i<=line;i++)
    {
        for(j=1;j<=column;j++)
        {
            cout<<c;
        }
        //cout<<endl;
        if(i!=line)
        {
            cout<<endl;
        }
    }
}

三个函数均在math文件头中。
以下是关于这三个函数的用法详解：
floor
 
 

  
  

   
   
Syntax
    
    

     
     
    
    
    
    

   
   

    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

   
   

   
   

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      
double floor(  
   double x  
);  
float floor(  
   float x   
); // C++ only  
long double floor(  
   long double x  
); // C++ only  
float floorf(  
   float x  
);  
long double floorl(  
   long double x  
);  
     
     
    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

 
 
 
 

  
  
Requirements
   
   

    
    
   
   
   
   

  
  

   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  
Function
Required
 header
floor, floorf, floorl
<math.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  
Example
   
   

    
    
   
   
   
   

  
  

   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  

  
  

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
// crt_floor.c  
// This example displays the largest integers  
// less than or equal to the floating-point values 2.8  
// and -2.8. It then shows the smallest integers greater  
// than or equal to 2.8 and -2.8.  
  
#include <math.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
  
int main( void )  
{  
   double y;  
  
   y = floor( 2.8 );  
   printf( "The floor of 2.8 is %f\n", y );  
   y = floor( -2.8 );  
   printf( "The floor of -2.8 is %f\n", y );  
  
   y = ceil( 2.8 );  
   printf( "The ceil of 2.8 is %f\n", y );  
   y = ceil( -2.8 );  
   printf( "The ceil of -2.8 is %f\n", y );  
}  


    
    
   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  

   
   

    
    Output
   
   
  
  
  
  

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
The floor of 2.8 is 2.000000  
The floor of -2.8 is -3.000000  
The ceil of 2.8 is 3.000000  
The ceil of -2.8 is -2.000000  
    
    
   
   
  
  
 
 
ceil
 
 

  
  

   
   
Syntax
    
    

     
     
    
    
    
    

   
   

    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

   
   

   
   

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      
double ceil(   
   double x   
);  
float ceil(  
   float x  
);  // C++ only  
long double ceil(  
   long double x  
);  // C++ only  
float ceilf(  
   float x  
);  
long double ceill(  
   long double x  
);  

      
      
 
       
 
      
     
     
    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

 
 
 
 

  
  
Requirements
   
   

    
    
   
   
   
   

  
  

   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  
Routine
Required
 header
ceil, ceilf, ceill
<math.h>
 
 
 
 

  
  
Example
   
   

    
    
   
   
   
   

  
  

   
   
  
  
 
 
See the example for floor.
round
 
 

  
  

   
   
Syntax
    
    

     
     
    
    
    
    

   
   

    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

   
   

   
   

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      
double round(   
   double x   
);  
float round(  
   float x  
);  // C++ only  
long double round(  
   long double x  
);  // C++ only  
float roundf(  
   float x  
);  
long double roundl(  
   long double x  
); 
     
     
    
    
   
   
  
  
  
  

 
 
 
 

  
  Requirements
  
  

 
 
 
 
Routine
Required
 header
round, roundf, roundl
<math.h>
 
 

  
  
Example
   
   

    
    
   
   
   
   

  
  

   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  

  
  

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
// crt_round.c  
// Build with: cl /W3 /Tc crt_round.c  
// This example displays the rounded results of  
// the floating-point values 2.499999, -2.499999,   
// 2.8, -2.8, 2.5 and -2.5.  
  
#include <math.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
  
int main( void )  
{  
   double x = 2.499999;  
   float y = 2.8f;  
   long double z = 2.5;  
  
   printf("round(%f) is %.0f\n", x, round(x));  
   printf("round(%f) is %.0f\n", -x, round(-x));  
   printf("roundf(%f) is %.0f\n", y, roundf(y));  
   printf("roundf(%f) is %.0f\n", -y, roundf(-y));  
   printf("roundl(%Lf) is %.0Lf\n", z, roundl(z));  
   printf("roundl(%Lf) is %.0Lf\n", -z, roundl(-z));  
}  


    
    
   
   
  
  
 
 
 
 

  
  

   
   

    
    Output
   
   
  
  
  
  

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
round(2.499999) is 2  
round(-2.499999) is -2  
roundf(2.800000) is 3  
roundf(-2.800000) is -3  
roundl(2.500000) is 3  
roundl(-2.500000) is -3