异常（一）

自定义类型异常

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class MyException
{
public:
	MyException(const char *message) : message_(message)
	{
		cout << "MyException..." << endl;
	}

	MyException(const MyException& other) : message_(other.message_)
	{
		cout << "Copy MyException..." << endl;
	}

	~MyException()
	{
		cout << "~MyException..." << endl;
	}

	const char* what() const
	{
		return message_.c_str();
	}
private:
	string message_;
};
double Divide(double a, double b)
{
	if (b == 0.0)
	{
		MyException e("division by zero");
		throw e;
	}
	else
	{
		return a / b;
	}
		
}

int main()
{
	try
	{
		cout << Divide(5.0, 0.0) << endl;
	}
	catch(MyException &e)
	{
		cout << e.what() << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

异常捕获

异常处理器的参数类型和抛出异常的类型应保持相同。

...表示可以捕获任意异常。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class MyException
{
public:
	MyException(const char *message) : message_(message)
	{
		cout << "MyException..." << endl;
	}

	MyException(const MyException& other) : message_(other.message_)
	{
		cout << "Copy MyException..." << endl;
	}

	~MyException()
	{
		cout << "~MyException..." << endl;
	}

	const char* what() const
	{
		return message_.c_str();
	}
private:
	string message_;
};
double Divide(double a, double b)
{
	if (b == 0.0)
	{
		/*MyException e("division by zero");
		throw e;*/

		throw 1;  // xxx error
	}
	else
	{
		return a / b;
	}
		
}

int main()
{
	try
	{
		cout << Divide(5.0, 0.0) << endl;
	}
	catch(MyException &e)
	{
		cout << e.what() << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

注意问题

运行结果并没有调用拷贝构造函数。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class MyException
{
public:
	MyException(const char *message) : message_(message)
	{
		cout << "MyException..." << endl;
	}

	MyException(const MyException& other) : message_(other.message_)
	{
		cout << "Copy MyException..." << endl;
	}

	~MyException()
	{
		cout << "~MyException..." << endl;
	}

	const char* what() const
	{
		return message_.c_str();
	}
private:
	string message_;
};
double Divide(double a, double b)
{
	if (b == 0.0)
	{
		
		throw MyException("division by zero");
	}
	else
	{
		return a / b;
	}

}

int main()
{
	try
	{
		cout << Divide(5.0, 0.0) << endl;
	}
	catch (MyException &e)
	{
		cout << e.what() << endl;
	}

	catch (...)
	{
		cout << "catch a exception" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

类比

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Test
{
public:
	Test() 
	{
		cout << "Test..." << endl;
	}

	Test(const Test& other)
	{
		cout << "Copy Test..." << endl;
	}

	~Test()
	{
		cout << "~Test..." << endl;
	}
};

Test func()
{
	Test t;
	return t;
}

int main()
{
	func();
	cout << "......" << endl;
	return 0;
}

如下也并没有调用拷贝构造函数。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Test
{
public:
	Test() 
	{
		cout << "Test..." << endl;
	}

	Test(const Test& other)
	{
		cout << "Copy Test..." << endl;
	}

	~Test()
	{
		cout << "~Test..." << endl;
	}
};

Test func()
{
	//Test t;
	//return t;

	return Test();	// xxx
}

int main()
{
	func();
	cout << "......" << endl;
	return 0;
}