数据库（SQL）语法

     数据库语法

               
   创建学生数据库，数据表名为student：  student(sno,sname,sex,age,class)。
   其中，各列描述如下：
                   sno:学号，字符串
                   name:姓名，字符串
                   sex:性别，字符串
                   age:年龄，整数
                  class:班级编号，整数

插入语句：

insert into <数据表名> [列名]  values<值列表>
INSERT INTO student VALUES('121531010','张三','男',18,10);
INSERT INTO student (sno,name,sex,age,class) VALUES('121530808','张丰','男',20,10);

修改语句：

update 数据表名  set 列名=更新值  [列名2=更新值] [where<更新条件>]
UPDATE student set name='章三',age=17 WHERE sno='121531010';
UPDATE student set age=17 WHERE sno='121531001';

删除语句：

delete  from   数据表名   [where<更新条件>]
DELETE FROM student WHERE sno='121530806';

查询语句：

select 列名 from 数据表名 [where<更新条件>] [order by <排列的列名>(ASC或DESC)]
SELECT * from student;
SELECT sno,name,age,class from student WHERE class=10 ORDER BY sno;
SELECT * from student ORDER BY age;//按照年龄升序排列
SELECT name,age from student;
SELECT name,sex from student ORDER BY sno;
SELECT Sno,Sname,Sex  form  Student WHERE ClassId = 1 ORDER BY Sno

去掉重复的行：

SELECT DISTINCT 列名 from student;
SELECT DISTINCT name FROM student;

条件查询：

AND
select name from student where sex='男' AND class=1；
OR
select name,sex from student where class=1 OR class=2;

条件查询--确定范围

select name from student where age between 16 and 18;
select name from student where age not between 16 and 18;

条件查询--确定集合

select name from student where class in(1,2);
select name from student where class not in(1,2);

like % 模糊查询（匹配多个字符）

select name from student where name like '张%';

like _ 匹配一个字符

select name from student where name like '张__';

count 统计查询：

select count(*) from student;
select count(*) from student where class=1 or class=2;
select avg(age) from  student;


AVG  按列计算平均值
SUM  按列计算值的总和
COUNT 按列值统计个个数
MAX 求一列中的最大值
MIN 求一列中的最小值