4804: 欧拉心算

4804: 欧拉心算

Time Limit: 15 Sec Memory Limit: 256 MB
Submit: 229 Solved: 147
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Description

给出一个数字N

Input

第一行为一个正整数T，表示数据组数。
接下来T行为询问，每行包含一个正整数N。
T<=5000,N<=10^7
Output

按读入顺序输出答案。
Sample Input

1

10
Sample Output

136
HINT

Source

By FancyCoder

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大力莫比乌斯反演可以得到
$Ans = \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n \phi(gcd(i,j)) = \sum_{i=1}^n\phi(i)\sum_{d=1}^{\lfloor \frac ni \rfloor} \mu(d) \lfloor \frac n{id} \rfloor ^2$
记$g(n) = \sum_{d=1}^n \mu(d)\lfloor \frac nd \rfloor ^2$
注意到$\lfloor \frac nd \rfloor - \lfloor \frac {n-1}d \rfloor = 1$成立当且仅当$d|n$
那么$g(n) = g(n - 1) + \sum _{d|n} \mu(d)\left (2 \frac nd - 1 \right )$
由于$\sum_{d|n} \frac {\mu(d)}d = \frac {\phi(n)}n$
$g(n) = g(n - 1) + 2\phi(d) - [n = 1]$
于是$Ans = \sum_{i=1}^n \phi(i)g\left (\lfloor \frac ni \rfloor \right )$
复杂度$O(T\sqrt N)$

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 5005;
const int N = 10000007;
typedef long long LL;

int T,n,tot,pri[N],Q[maxn];
LL phi[N],g[N];
bool not_pri[N];

void Solve(int n)
{
    LL Ans = 0;
    for (int i = 1,last; i <= n; i = last + 1)
    {
        int tmp = n / i; last = n / tmp;
        Ans += (phi[last] - phi[i - 1]) * g[tmp];
    }
    printf("%lld\n",Ans);
}

int main()
{
    #ifdef DMC
        freopen("DMC.txt","r",stdin);
    #endif

    cin >> T; phi[1] = g[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= T; i++)
        scanf("%d",&Q[i]),n = max(n,Q[i]);
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (!not_pri[i])
            pri[++tot] = i,phi[i] = i - 1;
        for (int j = 1; j <= tot; j++)
        {
            int Nex = i * pri[j];
            if (Nex > n) break;
            not_pri[Nex] = 1;
            if (i % pri[j] == 0)
            {
                phi[Nex] = phi[i] * pri[j]; break;
            }
            phi[Nex] = phi[i] * (pri[j] - 1);
        }
        g[i] = g[i - 1] + 2LL * phi[i];
    }
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) phi[i] += phi[i - 1];
    for (int i = 1; i <= T; i++) Solve(Q[i]);
    return 0;
}