图书管理系统功能设计

1.系统功能设计
(1)信息录入功能
1)添加新图书信息。当图书馆收藏新图书时,系统向用户提供新图书信息录入功能,由于同一种书可能会有多本,因此,新图书的信息有两类:某一个ISBN类别的图书信息,包括:ISBN书号、图书类别、书名、作者、出版社、出版日期、价格、馆藏数量、可借数量、图书简介;另一个具体到每一本书的信息,包括:ISBN书号、图书书号、是否可借。每一个ISBN书号和同一个ISBN书号的多本书之间是一对多的关系,每一本书的图书书号是唯一的。
2)添加读者信息。用于登记新读者信息。包括:借书证号、姓名、性别、身份证号、职称、可借数量、已借数量、工作部门、联系电话等。
3)借阅信息。用于登记读者的借阅情况信息。包括:借书证号、借阅书号、借出日期、借阅期限、归还日期等信息。归还日期为空值表示该图书未归还。


(2)数据修改和删除功能
1)修改和删除图书信息。图书被借出时,系统需要更新图书信息的可借数量,当可借数量为0时,表示该图书都已被借出。当输入的图书信息有错误或需要进行必要更新时,可以修改图书信息;当一种图书所有馆藏图书都已损毁或遗失并且不能重新买到时,该图书信息需要删除。
2)修改和删除读者信息。当读者的自身信息发生变动,如部门间调动或调离本单位,或违反图书馆规定需要限制其可借阅图书数量时,需要修改读者信息。
3)还书处理。读者归还图书时,更新图书借阅信息表中的归还日期,读者信息表中的已借数量及ISBN类别信息表中该图书的可借数量。
(3)查询和统计功能
1)图书查询功能。根据图书的各种已知条件来查询图书的详细信息,如书名、作者、出版社、ISBN书号等支持模糊查询。
2)读者信息查询。输入读者的借书证号、姓名、工作部门等信息,查询读者的基本信息。对查询到的每一个读者,能够显示其未归还的图书编号和书名。
3)查询所有到期未归还的图书信息。要求结果显示图书编号、书名、读者姓名、借书证号码、借出日期等信息。
4)统计指定读者一段时间内的某类图书或所有类别图书借阅次数及借阅总次数。


2.数据表的创建
根据功能要求的说明创建下列数据表:
(1)图书ISBN类别信息表
图书ISBN类别信息表包括以下字段:
ISBN书号、图书类别、书名、作者、出版社、出版日期、价格、馆藏数量、可借数量、图书简介。
(2)图书信息表
图书信息表包括以下字段:
ISBN书号、图书书号、是否可借。
(3)读者信息表
读者信息表包括以下字段:
借书证号、姓名、性别、出生年月、身份证号、职称、可借数量、已借数量、工作部门、家庭地址、联系电话。
(4)借阅信息表(图书-读者关系)
借阅信息表包括以下字段:
借书证号、借阅书号、借出日期、借阅期限、归还日期。


3.数据库完整性设计
设计者应认真分析和思考各个表之间的关系,合理设计和实施数据完整性原则。
1) 给每个表实施主键及外键约束。
2) 设定缺省约束。如性别。
3) 设置非空约束如图书信息表中的书名。
4) 实施CHECK约束。如ISBN类别表中的可借数量小于馆藏数量。
5) 实施规则。如身份证号码必须为15为或18位。


4.SQL Server数据库对象设计
1)设计一个存储过程,以图书编号为输入参数,返回借阅该图书但未归还的读者姓名和借书证号。
2)读者资料查询:设计一个有多个输入参数的存储过程,返回读者的详细信息。设计另一存储过程并以读者借书证号为输入参数,返回该读者未归还的图书名称和图书编号。
3)到期图书查询:设计一个视图,返回所有逾期未归还的图书的编号、书名、读者姓名等信息。
4)统计图书借阅次数:设计一个以两个日期作为输入参数的存储过程,计算这一段时间内各类别图书被借阅的次数,返回图书类别、借阅次数的信息。
5)加快数据检索速度,用图书编号为图书信息表建立索引。
6)为读者信息表创建一个删除触发器,当一个读者调出本单位时,将此读者的资料从读者信息表中删除。注意实施业务规则:有借阅书的读者不得从读者信息表中删除。
7)借阅处理:为借阅信息表设计INSERT触发器,在读者借阅时更改ISBN类别信息表,且可借数量减1,图书信息表是否可借列的值变为“不可借”,读者信息表中该类读者已借阅数加1。
8)还书处理:为借阅信息表设计UPDATE触发器,在该表的归还日期列被更改后,将图书信息表的是否可借列的值变为“可借”,读者信息表中已借数量减1及ISBN类别信息表中可借数量加1。
  一、序言····················································································································· 4 二、需求分析说明书···································································································· 4 2.1系统介绍................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2系统面向的用户群体............................................................................................................................. 4 2.3系统的功能性需求................................................................................................................................. 4 2.4系统的非功能性需求............................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.1用户界面需求.................................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.2软硬件环境需求.............................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.3软件质量需求.................................................................................................................................. 5 三、可行性分析报告···································································································· 5 3.1技术可行性............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2人员可能性............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.3时间、设备可能性................................................................................................................................. 5 3.4系统工作量............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.5代码工作量............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.6文档要求................................................................................................................................................. 5 四、开发环境与项目规划····························································································· 5 4.1开发环境................................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2项目规划与管理..................................................................................................................................... 5 4.2.1开发人员安排.................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2.2开发进度安排.................................................................................................................................. 6 五、软件界面设计标准与规范······················································································ 6 5.1编写目的................................................................................................................................................. 6 5.2界面设计思想......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.3界面设计原则......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.4界面设计样式......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.5常见提示信息样式................................................................................................................................. 6 5.6常见错误信息样式................................................................................................................................. 7 5.7其他界面约定......................................................................................................................................... 7 六、软件编码设计标准与规范······················································································ 7 6.1对象命名约定......................................................................................................................................... 7 6.2常量和变量命名约定............................................................................................................................. 8 6.3结构化编码约定..................................................................................................................................... 8 6.4数据源的约定......................................................................................................................................... 9 6.5数据库访问约定..................................................................................................................................... 9 6.6其他约定................................................................................................................................................. 9 七、数据库分析与设计································································································ 10 7.1数据库环境说明...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.2数据库命名标准与规范.......................................................................................................................... 10 7.3数据库逻辑设计...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.4数据库物理设计...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.4.1表、视图汇总.................................................................................................................................. 10 7.4.2各表、视图设计详解...................................................................................................................... 11 八、软件体系结构设计说明书······················································································ 15 8.1系统概述................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.2设计约束................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.3设计策略................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.4系统概要设计说明书............................................................................................................................. 16 8.4.1图例说明.......................................................................................................................................... 16 8.4.2系统总体结构图.............................................................................................................................. 16 8.4.3销售子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.4.4进货子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.4.5退货子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.5系统详细设计说明书............................................................................................................................. 17 8.5.1系统模块汇总.................................................................................................................................. 17 8.5.2系统核心模块详解.......................................................................................................................... 18 8.5.3系统模块详解.................................................................................................................................. 28 九、用户界面设计报告································································································ 42 9.1界面设计规范......................................................................................................................................... 42 9.2系统窗体汇总......................................................................................................................................... 42 9.3主界面设计............................................................................................................................................. 43 9.4子界面设计............................................................................................................................................. 43 9.5界面资源设计......................................................................................................................................... 44 十、软件测试分析报告································································································ 44 10.1测试范围与主要内容........................................................................................................................... 44 10.2测试方法............................................................................................................................................... 44 10.3测试报告............................................................................................................................................... 44 10.4改进建议与措施................................................................................................................................... 45 十一、软件使用说明书····························································&
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