Mysql进阶学习（六）子查询与分页查询

进阶7：子查询

1、含义：

出现在其他语句中的select语句，称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句，称为主查询或外查询

2、分类：

按子查询出现的位置：
select后面：
仅仅支持标量子查询

from后面：
	支持表子查询
where或having后面：★
	标量子查询（单行） √
	列子查询  （多行） √
	
	行子查询
	
exists后面（相关子查询）
	表子查询

按结果集的行列数不同：

标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列）
列子查询（结果集只有一列多行）
行子查询（结果集有一行多列）
表子查询（结果集一般为多行多列）

3、where或having后面

1、标量子查询（单行子查询）
2、列子查询（多行子查询）
3、行子查询（多列多行）

3.1 特点：

①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③标量子查询，一般搭配着单行操作符使用

< >= <= = <>

列子查询，一般搭配着多行操作符使用
in、any/some、all

④子查询的执行优先于主查询执行，主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果

3.2.标量子查询★

案例1：谁的工资比 Abel 高?

①查询Abel的工资

SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'

②查询员工的信息，满足 salary>①结果

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(

	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Abel'

);

案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名，job_id 和工资

①查询141号员工的job_id

SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141

②查询143号员工的salary

SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143

③查询员工的姓名，job_id 和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143

);

案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

①查询公司的 最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees

②查询last_name,job_id和salary，要求salary=①

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);

案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

①查询50号部门的最低工资

SELECT  MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50

②查询每个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

③ 在②基础上筛选，满足min(salary)>①

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

非法使用标量子查询
单行操作符只能搭配标量子查询

错误案例：

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 250
);

3.3.列子查询（多行子查询）★

使用多行比较操作符。

操作符	含义
IN/NOT IN	等于列表中的任意一个
ANY	SOME
ALL	和子查询返回的所有值比较

案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号

SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id  <>ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

);

案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资

SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary，salary<(①)的任意一个

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

或

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工 的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

或

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MIN( salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

注意：<>表示不等于

3.4. 行子查询（结果集一行多列或多行多列）

案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息

SELECT * 
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

①查询最小的员工编号

SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees

②查询最高工资

SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees

③查询员工信息

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
)AND salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

4、select后面

仅仅支持标量子查询

案例1：查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT d.*,(
	SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM employees e
	WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
 ) 个数
 FROM departments d;

案例2：查询员工号=102的部门名

SELECT(
	SELECT department_name
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102
	
) 部门名;

错误示例

（1）多行示例
select后面只能放单行单列不能多行多列，

SELECT(
	SELECT department_name,d.department_id
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102
	
) 部门名;

错误代码：

查询：SELECT( SELECT department_name,d.department_id FROM departments d INNER JOIN employees e ON d.department_id=e.department_id WHER...错误代码： 1241
Operand should contain 1 column(s)

执行耗时   : 0 sec
传送时间   : 0 sec
总耗时      : 0 sec

（2）多列示例

SELECT(
	SELECT department_name
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id   
) 部门名;

错误代码

查询：SELECT( SELECT department_name FROM departments d INNER JOIN employees e ON d.department_id=e.department_id ) 部门名错误代码： 1242
Subquery returns more than 1 row

执行耗时   : 0 sec
传送时间   : 0 sec
总耗时      : 0.001 sec

5、from后面

将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名

案例1：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级

① 查询每个部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

SELECT * FROM job_grades;

② 连接①的结果集和job_grades表，筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal

SELECT  ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;

6、exists后面（相关子查询）

使用的比较少，可用之前的语法代替

语法：
exists：表示是否存在
exists(完整的查询语句) ：表示后面语句是否存在
结果： 1或0

SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=300000);

案例1：查询有员工的部门名

in
in表示：in前面的值与in后面的值任意匹配即可

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id` IN(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
)

exists

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM employees e
	WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
);

案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息

in

SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty
)

exists

SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty b
	WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
);

7.案例练习

1. 查询和 Zlotkey 相同部门的员工姓名和工资
2. 查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。
3. 查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
4. 查询和姓名中包含字母 u 的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名
5. 查询在部门的 location_id 为 1700 的部门工作的员工的员工号
6. 查询管理者是 King 的员工姓名和工资
7. 查询工资最高的员工的姓名，要求 first_name 和 last_name 显示为一列，列名为 姓.名

7.1. 查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资

①查询Zlotkey的部门

SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'

②查询部门号=①的姓名和工资

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
)

7.2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。

① 查询平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees

② 查询工资>①的员工号，姓名和工资。

SELECT last_name,employee_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
	SELECT AVG(salary)
	FROM employees
);

7.3.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资

① 查询各部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

② 连接①结果集和employees表，进行筛选

SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
ON e.department_id = ag_dep.department_id
WHERE salary>ag_dep.ag ;

7.4. 查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名

① 查询姓名中包含字母u的员工的部门

SELECT  DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'

② 查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号和姓名

SELECT last_name,employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT  DISTINCT department_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
);

7.5. 查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号

① 查询location_id为1700的部门

SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments 
WHERE location_id  = 1700

② 查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号

SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments 
	WHERE location_id  = 1700

);

7.6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资

① 查询姓名为king的员工编号

SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name  = 'K_ing'

② 查询哪个员工的manager_id = ①

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
	SELECT employee_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name  = 'K_ing'

);

7.7.查询工资最高的员工的姓名，要求first_name和last_name显示为一列，列名为 姓.名

① 查询最高工资

SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees

② 查询工资=①的姓.名

SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name) "姓.名"
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

进阶8：分页查询 ★

应用场景：当要显示的数据，一页显示不全，需要分页提交sql请求

1、语法：

select 查询列表
from 表
【join type join 表2
on 连接条件
where 筛选条件
group by 分组字段
having 分组后的筛选
order by 排序的字段】
limit 【offset,】size;

offset要显示条目的起始索引（起始索引从0开始）
size 要显示的条目个数

2、特点：

①limit语句放在查询语句的最后
②公式 要显示的页数 page，每页的条目数size

select 查询列表
from 表
limit (page-1)*size,size;

size=10
page  
1	0
2  	10
3	20

3、案例

案例1：查询前五条员工信息

SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 0,5;

从0开始可省略

SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 5;

案例2：查询第11条——第25条

SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 10,15;

案例3：有奖金的员工信息，并且工资较高的前10名显示出来

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    employees 
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL 
ORDER BY salary DESC 
LIMIT 10 ;

案例测试

已知条件：

已知表 stuinfo
id 学号
NAME 姓名
email 邮箱 john@126. com
gradeId 年级编号
sex 性别 男女
age 年龄
已知表 grade
id 年级编号，
gradeName 年级名称

求以下问题

一、查询所有学员的邮箱的用户名(注: 邮箱中@前面的字符)
二、查询男生和女生的个数
三、查询年龄>18岁的所有学生的姓名和年级名称
四、查询哪个年级的学生最小年龄>20岁
五、试说出查询语句中涉及到的所有的关键字，以及执行先后顺序

一、查询所有学员的邮箱的用户名(注: 邮箱中@前面的字符)

select substr(email,1,instr(email,'@')-1) 用户名
from stuinfo;

substr 截取字符串
instr获取字符索引

二、查询男生和女生的个数

select count(*) 个数. sex
from stuinfo 
group by sex;

三、查询年龄>18岁的所有学生的姓名和年级名称

select name,gradeName
from stuinfo s
inner join grade g on s.gradeId = g.id
where age > 18;

四、查询哪个年级的学生最小年龄>20岁
1.每个年级的最小年龄

select min(age),gradeid
from stuinfo
group by gradeid

2. 在1 的结果上筛选

select min(age),gradeid
from stuinfo
group by gradeid
having min(age) > 20;

五、试说出查询语句中涉及到的所有的关键字，以及执行先后顺序
右侧序号是执行顺序

select 查询列表 -------------------7
from 表1	----------------------1
连接类型 join 表2-------------------2
on 连接条件-------------------------3
where 筛选条件----------------------4
group by 分组列表-------------------5
having 分组后的筛选------------------6
order by 排序列表-------------------8
limit 偏移（起始索引），条目数---------9

综合案例1

1. 查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary
2. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息
3. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资
4. 查询平均工资最高的 job 信息
5. 查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?
6. 查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息.
7. 各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少
8. 查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息:
   last_name, department_id, email, salary

1. 查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary

① 查询最低的工资

SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees

② 查询last_name,salary，要求salary=①

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);

2. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息

方式一：
① 各部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

② 查询①结果上的最低平均工资

SELECT MIN(ag)
FROM (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep

③ 查询哪个部门的平均工资=②

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(ag)
	FROM (
		SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
		FROM employees
		GROUP BY department_id
	) ag_dep
);

④ 查询部门信息

SELECT d.*
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id`=(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
	HAVING AVG(salary)=(
		SELECT MIN(ag)
		FROM (
			SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
			FROM employees
			GROUP BY department_id
		) ag_dep
	)
);

方式二：
① 各部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

② 求出最低平均工资的部门编号

SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
LIMIT 1;

③ 查询部门信息

SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id=(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
	ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
	LIMIT 1
);

3. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资

① 各部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

② 求出最低平均工资的部门编号

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
LIMIT 1;

③ 查询部门信息

SELECT d.*,ag
FROM departments d
JOIN (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
	ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
	LIMIT 1

) ag_dep
ON d.`department_id`=ag_dep.department_id;

4. 查询平均工资最高的 job 信息

① 查询最高的job的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1

② 查询job信息

SELECT * 
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id=(
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY job_id
	ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
	LIMIT 1
);

5. 查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?

① 查询平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees

② 查询每个部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

③ 筛选②结果集，满足平均工资>①

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)>(
	SELECT AVG(salary)
	FROM employees
);

6. 查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息.

① 查询所有manager的员工编号

SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
FROM employees

② 查询详细信息，满足employee_id=①

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
	FROM employees
);

7. 各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少

① 查询各部门的最高工资中最低的部门编号

SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY MAX(salary)
LIMIT 1

② 查询①结果的那个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary) ,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
	ORDER BY MAX(salary)
	LIMIT 1
);

8. 查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息: last_name, department_id, email, salary

① 查询平均工资最高的部门编号

SELECT 
    department_id 
FROM
    employees 
GROUP BY department_id 
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC 
LIMIT 1 

② 将employees和departments连接查询，筛选条件是①

SELECT 
    last_name, d.department_id, email, salary 
FROM
    employees e 
    INNER JOIN departments d 
        ON d.manager_id = e.employee_id 
WHERE d.department_id = 
    (SELECT 
        department_id 
    FROM
        employees 
    GROUP BY department_id 
    ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC 
    LIMIT 1) ;

案例解析2

案例1：查询每个专业的学生人数

SELECT majorid,COUNT(*)
FROM student
GROUP BY majorid;

案例2：查询参加考试的学生中，每个学生的平均分、最高分

SELECT AVG(score),MAX(score),studentno
FROM result
GROUP BY studentno;

案例3：查询姓张的每个学生的最低分大于60的学号、姓名

SELECT s.studentno,s.`studentname`,MIN(score)
FROM student s
JOIN result r
ON s.`studentno`=r.`studentno`
WHERE s.`studentname` LIKE '张%'
GROUP BY s.`studentno`
HAVING MIN(score)>60;

案例4：查询每个专业生日在“1988-1-1”后的学生姓名、专业名称

SELECT m.`majorname`,s.`studentname`
FROM student s
JOIN major m
ON m.`majorid`=s.`majorid`
WHERE DATEDIFF(borndate,'1988-1-1')>0
GROUP BY m.`majorid`;

案例5：查询每个专业的男生人数和女生人数分别是多少

SELECT COUNT(*),sex,majorid
FROM student
GROUP BY sex,majorid;

案例6：查询专业和张翠山一样的学生的最低分

① 查询张翠山的专业编号

SELECT majorid
FROM student
WHERE studentname = '张翠山'

② 查询编号=①的所有学生编号

SELECT studentno
FROM student
WHERE majorid=(
	SELECT majorid
	FROM student
	WHERE studentname = '张翠山'
)

② 查询最低分

SELECT MIN(score)
FROM result
WHERE studentno IN(

	SELECT studentno
	FROM student
	WHERE majorid=(
		SELECT majorid
		FROM student
		WHERE studentname = '张翠山'
	)
)

案例7：查询大于60分的学生的姓名、密码、专业名

SELECT studentname,loginpwd,majorname
FROM student s
JOIN major m ON s.majorid=  m.majorid
JOIN result r ON s.studentno=r.studentno
WHERE r.score>60;

案例8：按邮箱位数分组，查询每组的学生个数

SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(email)
FROM student
GROUP BY LENGTH(email);

案例9：查询学生名、专业名、分数

SELECT studentname,score,majorname
FROM student s
JOIN major m ON s.majorid=  m.majorid
LEFT JOIN result r ON s.studentno=r.studentno

案例10：查询哪个专业没有学生，分别用左连接和右连接实现

#左

SELECT m.`majorid`,m.`majorname`,s.`studentno`
FROM major m
LEFT JOIN student s ON m.`majorid` = s.`majorid`
WHERE s.`studentno` IS NULL;

#右

SELECT m.`majorid`,m.`majorname`,s.`studentno`
FROM student s
RIGHT JOIN  major m ON m.`majorid` = s.`majorid`
WHERE s.`studentno` IS NULL;

案例11：查询没有成绩的学生人数

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM student s
LEFT JOIN result r ON s.`studentno` = r.`studentno`
WHERE r.`id` IS NULL