Spring通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor)来实现多线程和并发编程,使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor可实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor,而实际开发中任务一般都是非阻碍的,即异步的,所以我们要在配置类中通过@EnableAsync开启对异步任务的支持,并通过在实际执行的Bean的方法中使用@Async注解来声明其是一个异步任务。
Demo:
配置类
package com.example.mavenspringmvc.config;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.mavenspringmvc")
@EnableAsync
public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer{
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return null;
}
}
利用@EnableAsync注解开启异步任务支持
配置类实现AsyncConfigurer接口并重写getAsyncExecutor()方法,并返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,这样我们就可以获得一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor。
任务执行类:
package com.example.mavenspringmvc.async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class AsyncService {
@Async
public void executeTaskOne(int i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务one:" + i);
}
@Async
public void executeTaskTwo(int i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务two: " + i);
}
}
解释:通过@Async表名该方法是个异步方法,如果该注解在类级别上,则表明该类所有的方法都是异步方法,而这里的方法自动被注入使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor作为TaskExecutor。
测试类:
package com.example.mavenspringmvc.async;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class TestAsyncService implements ApplicationContextAware{
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Autowired
private AsyncService asyncService;
public void test(){
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){
asyncService.executeTaskOne(i);
asyncService.executeTaskTwo(i);
}
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
}
测试结果:
执行异步任务one:2
执行异步任务one:0
执行异步任务two: 1
执行异步任务two: 0
执行异步任务two: 2
执行异步任务one:4
执行异步任务two: 3
执行异步任务one:3
执行异步任务one:1
执行异步任务one:6
执行异步任务two: 5
执行异步任务one:5
执行异步任务two: 4
执行异步任务one:8
执行异步任务two: 7
执行异步任务one:7
执行异步任务two: 6
执行异步任务two: 9
执行异步任务one:9
执行异步任务two: 8
可见结果是并发执行而不是顺序执行的。