前言
在netty数据传输过程中可以有很多选择,比如;字符串、json、xml、java对象,但为了保证传输的数据具备;良好的通用性、方便的操作性和传输的高性能,我们可以选择protobuf作为我们的数据传输格式。目前protobuf可以支持;C++、C#、Dart、Go、Java、Python等,也可以在JS里使用。知识点;ProtobufDecoder、ProtobufEncoder、ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder、ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender。
public class MyChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception {
//protobuf 处理
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(MsgBody.getDefaultInstance()));
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
// 在管道中添加我们自己的接收数据实现方法
channel.pipeline().addLast(new MyClientHandler());
}
}
public class MyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 当客户端主动链接服务端的链接后,这个通道就是活跃的了。也就是客户端与服务端建立了通信通道并且可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
System.out.println("链接报告开始");
System.out.println("链接报告信息:本客户端链接到服务端。channelId:" + channel.id());
System.out.println("链接报告IP:" + channel.localAddress().getHostString());
System.out.println("链接报告Port:" + channel.localAddress().getPort());
System.out.println("链接报告完毕");
//通知客户端链接建立成功
String str = "通知服务端链接建立成功" + " " + new Date() + " " + channel.localAddress().getHostString();
ctx.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(channel.id().toString(), str));
}
/**
* 当客户端主动断开服务端的链接后,这个通道就是不活跃的。也就是说客户端与服务端的关闭了通信通道并且不可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("断开链接" + ctx.channel().localAddress().toString());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//接收msg消息{与上一章节相比,此处已经不需要自己进行解码}
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息类型:" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息内容:" + JsonFormat.printToString((MsgBody) msg));
}
/**
* 抓住异常,当发生异常的时候,可以做一些相应的处理,比如打印日志、关闭链接
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
System.out.println("异常信息:\r\n" + cause.getMessage());
}
}
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new NettyClient().connect("127.0.0.1", 7397);
}
private void connect(String inetHost, int inetPort) {
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(workerGroup);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
b.option(ChannelOption.AUTO_READ, true);
b.handler(new MyChannelInitializer());
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(inetHost, inetPort).sync();
System.out.println(" client start done. {关注明哥,获取源码}");
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是明哥,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是明哥,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是明哥,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是明哥关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是明哥,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
public class MyChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) {
//protobuf 处理
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(MsgBody.getDefaultInstance()));
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
// 在管道中添加我们自己的接收数据实现方法
channel.pipeline().addLast(new MyServerHandler());
}
}
public class MyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 当客户端主动链接服务端的链接后,这个通道就是活跃的了。也就是客户端与服务端建立了通信通道并且可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
System.out.println("链接报告开始");
System.out.println("链接报告信息:有一客户端链接到本服务端。channelId:" + channel.id());
System.out.println("链接报告IP:" + channel.localAddress().getHostString());
System.out.println("链接报告Port:" + channel.localAddress().getPort());
System.out.println("链接报告完毕");
//通知客户端链接建立成功
String str = "通知客户端链接建立成功" + " " + new Date() + " " + channel.localAddress().getHostString() + "\r\n";
ctx.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(channel.id().toString(), str));
}
/**
* 当客户端主动断开服务端的链接后,这个通道就是不活跃的。也就是说客户端与服务端的关闭了通信通道并且不可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端断开链接" + ctx.channel().localAddress().toString());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//接收msg消息{与上一章节相比,此处已经不需要自己进行解码}
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息类型:" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息内容:" + JsonFormat.printToString((MsgBody) msg));
}
/**
* 抓住异常,当发生异常的时候,可以做一些相应的处理,比如打印日志、关闭链接
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
System.out.println("异常信息:\r\n" + cause.getMessage());
}
}
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new NettyServer().bing(7397);
}
private void bing(int port) {
//配置服务端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup parentGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //NioEventLoopGroup extends MultithreadEventLoopGroup Math.max(1, SystemPropertyUtil.getInt("io.netty.eventLoopThreads", NettyRuntime.availableProcessors() * 2));
EventLoopGroup childGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(parentGroup, childGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //非阻塞模式
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childHandler(new MyChannelInitializer());
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("server start done. {关注我是明哥,获取源码}");
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
childGroup.shutdownGracefully();
parentGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
public class MsgUtil {
/**
* 构建protobuf消息体
*/
public static MsgBody buildMsg(String channelId, String msgInfo) {
MsgBody.Builder msg = MsgBody.newBuilder();
msg.setChannelId(channelId);
msg.setMsgInfo(msgInfo);
return msg.build();
}
}
测试结果
操作:idea选中E:\itstack\GIT\itstack.org\itstack-demo-netty\itstack-demo-netty-2-02\protoc-3.5.0-win32\bin 命令:protoc -I=源地址 --java_out=目标地址 源地址/xxx.proto
E:demo-netty\itstack-demo-netty-2-02\protoc-3.5.0-win32\bin>protoc.exe -I=demo-netty\itstack-demo-netty-2-02\src\main\java\org\itstack\demo\netty\proto --java_out=demo-netty\netty-2-02\src\main
\java MsgInfo.proto
启动NettyServer
启动NettyClient
服务端执行结果
客户端执行结果
好了到这里就结束netty之Netty使用Protobuf传输数据的学习,大家一定要跟着动手操作起来。需要的源码的 可si我获取;