文章目录
➷戳重点cjdtry catch finally的用法:
➷➷ try+catch
程序的流程是:运行到try块中,如果有异常抛出,则转到catch块去处理。然后执行catch块后面的语句
➷➷try+catch+finally
程序的流程是:运行到try块中,如果有异常抛出,则转到catch块,catch块执行完毕后,执行finally块的代码,再执行finally块后面的代码。
如果没有异常抛出,执行完try块,也要去执行finally块的代码。然后执行finally块后面的语句
➷➷try+finally
程序的流程是:运行到try块中,如果有异常抛出的话,程序转向执行finally块的代码。那末finally块后面的代码还会被执行吗?不会!因为没有处理异常,所以遇到异常后,执行完finally后,方法就已抛出异常的方式退出了。
★★代码实例1:
package test.java.example;
/**
* Created by hejingyuan on 2016/5/2.
*/
public class TestCatchException {
public TestCatchException() {
}
boolean testEx1() {
boolean ret = true;
try {
ret = testEx2();
if (!ret) {
return false;
}
System.out.println("testEx1, at the end of try");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx1, catch exception");
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
boolean testEx2(){
boolean ret = true;
try {
int b = 12;
int c;
for (int i = 2; i >= -2; i--) {
c = b / i;
System.out.println("i=" + i);
}
ret = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx2, catch exception");
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestCatchException testException1 = new TestCatchException();
try {
testException1.testEx1();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
★★★执行结果:
i=2
i=1
testEx2, catch exception
★★★原因:在testEx2方法中已经catch住了异常(执行catch方法),即将异常自己处理掉了,然后继续往下执行返回,所以在testEx1中并不会有任何异常出现,也就不会执行catch代码块,而是走try的正常流程,经过if判断直接返回false
★★代码实例2::
package test.java.example;
/**
* Created by hejingyuan on 2016/5/2.
*/
public class TestThrowException {
public TestThrowException() {
}
boolean testEx() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
ret = testEx1();
return ret;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx, finally; return value=" + ret);
}
}
boolean testEx1() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
ret = testEx2();
if (!ret) {
return false;
}
System.out.println("testEx1, at the end of try");
return ret;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx1, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx1, finally; return value=" + ret);
}
}
boolean testEx2() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
int b = 12;
int c;
for (int i = 2; i >= -2; i--) {
c = b / i;
System.out.println("i=" + i);
}
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx2, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx2, finally; return value=" + ret);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThrowException testException1 = new TestThrowException();
try {
testException1.testEx();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
★★★执行结果:
i=2
i=1
testEx2, catch exception
testEx2, finally; return value=false
testEx1, catch exception
testEx1, finally; return value=false
testEx, catch exception
testEx, finally; return value=false
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at test.java.example.TestThrowException.testEx2(TestThrowException.java:48)
at test.java.example.TestThrowException.testEx1(TestThrowException.java:27)
at test.java.example.TestThrowException.testEx(TestThrowException.java:13)
at test.java.example.TestThrowException.main(TestThrowException.java:64)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
★★★原因:在testEx2方法中出现除数为0时会抛出异常,然后由catch捕获到,故执行catch部分,打印并抛出异常,然后执行finally打印信息,由于catch中抛出了异常,所以上层方法将会执行catch部分,即testEx1方法将执行catch部分,之后异常还是会继续往上层抛出,到testEx方法并不会执行返回仍然catch住异常然后抛给main函数的catch,然后打印出来
★★代码实例3:
package test.java.example;
public class TestException {
public TestException() {
}
boolean testEx() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
ret = testEx1();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx, finally; return value=" + ret);
return ret;
}
}
boolean testEx1() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
ret = testEx2();
if (!ret) {
return false;
}
System.out.println("testEx1, at the end of try");
return ret;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx1, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx1, finally; return value=" + ret);
return ret;
}
}
boolean testEx2() throws Exception {
boolean ret = true;
try {
int b = 12;
int c;
for (int i = 2; i >= -2; i--) {
c = b / i;
System.out.println("i=" + i);
}
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("testEx2, catch exception");
ret = false;
throw e;
} finally {
System.out.println("testEx2, finally; return value=" + ret);
return ret;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestException testException1 = new TestException();
try {
testException1.testEx();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
★★★执行结果:
i=2
i=1
testEx2, catch exception
testEx2, finally; return value=false
testEx1, finally; return value=false
testEx, finally; return value=false
★★★原因:
(假设方法需要返回值)
java 的异常处理中,
在不抛出异常的情况下,程序执行完 try 里面的代码块之后,该方法并不会立即结束,而是继续试图去寻找该方法有没有 finally 的代码块,
如果没有 finally 代码块,整个方法在执行完 try 代码块后返回相应的值来结束整个方法;
如果有 finally 代码块,此时程序执行到 try 代码块里的 return 语句之时并不会立即执行 return,而是先去执行 finally 代码块里的代码,
若 finally 代码块里没有 return 或没有能够终止程序的代码,程序将在执行完 finally 代码块代码之后再返回 try 代码块执行 return 语句来结束整个方法;
若 finally 代码块里有 return 或含有能够终止程序的代码,方法将在执行完 finally 之后被结束,不再跳回 try 代码块执行 return。
在抛出异常的情况下,原理也是和上面的一样的,你把上面说到的 try 换成 catch 去理解就 OK 了 _,即catch中无论是返回还是抛出异常,最终返回的均是finally中的结果,除非finally无返回。
☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀☀
大家可以借助eclipse、idea的调试功能一步一步进行跟踪,更容易加深印象和理解。