Dockerfile - 基于 SpringBoot 项目自定义镜像（项目上线全过程）

陈亦康

已于 2024-09-01 23:11:13 修改

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于 2023-12-28 18:48:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/CYK_byte/article/details/135272875

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一、Dockerfile 自定义项目镜像

1.1、创建 SpringBoot 项目并编写

1.2、打包项目（jar）

1.3、编写 Dockerfile 文件，构建镜像

1.4、运行镜像并测试

一、Dockerfile 自定义项目镜像

1.1、创建 SpringBoot 项目并编写

a）简介：就是一个对用户表简单的增删改查的 SpringBoot 项目.

b）接口：采用 restful 风格

这里简单回顾以下 restful 风格接口规范

原则: GET(查询)、POST(添加)、PUT(全字段更新)、PATCH(部分字段更新)、DELETE(删除）
使用复数名词: user -> users、 car -> cars
请求和响应指定: request: @RequestBody; response: @ResponseBody
资源唯一标识需要通过路径传参，例如 id

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;



    @PutMapping("id")
    public String updateUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestBody User user) {
        user.setId(id);
        userService.update(user);
        return "ok";
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return userService.queryById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public String addUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.insert(user);
        return "ok";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public String delUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        userService.deleteById(id);
        return "ok";
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<User> getUserList() {
        return userService.queryAll();
    }

}

c）配置文件：我们重点关注服务器端口号和 mysql 连接 ip 地址

server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/demo?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 1111
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    # 时间处理
  jackson:
    date-format: yyyy-MM-dd
    time-zone: GMT+8

  # mybatis xml save path
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

Ps：由于将来会将 springboot 项目和 mysql 配置到同一个自定义的 docker 网络下，因此 mysql 的 url 配置中的 ip 就使用容器名称即可.

1.2、打包项目（jar）

a）打包完毕后，根据以下目录找到包地址

或者在 target 的目录下也能看到

b）在云服务器上创建一个工作目录，用来存放 jar包和 Dockerfile文件，将 jar 包从主机移到远端服务器.

[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# ls
ssm-docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# pwd
/root/cyk/apps
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]#

1.3、编写 Dockerfile 文件，构建镜像

a）选取 openjdk1.8 镜像作为根基（open 表示开源的意思）

在 dockerhub 官网搜索 openjdk，找到对应的版本

找到 8-jdk

可以看到有下载命令，将 openjdk:8-jdk 写到 FROM 后面，表示以此镜像为基础进行开发.

b）编写 Dockerfile 文件

FROM openjdk:17-alpine
ENV BASE_PATH=/cyk/apps
WORKDIR $BASE_PATH
# 将宿主机上的 ssm-docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 移动到 /cyk/apps 目录下并改名为 apps.jar
ADD ssm-docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar $BASE_PATH/apps.jar
EXPOSE 8081
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar"]
CMD ["apps.jar"]

c）将 Dockerfile 文件移动到云服务器的工作目录（ /cyk/apps ）

[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# ls
Dockerfile  ssm-docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# pwd
/root/cyk/apps
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]#

d）构建镜像

[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# docker build -t app:1.0 .
[+] Building 46.7s (8/8) FINISHED                                                                                     docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                            0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 326B                                                                                            0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk                                                               16.2s
 => [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk@sha256:8a9d5c43f540e8d0c003c723a2c8bd20ae350a2efed6fb5719cae33b026f8e7c         30.0s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk@sha256:8a9d5c43f540e8d0c003c723a2c8bd20ae350a2efed6fb5719cae33b026f8e7c          0.0s
 => => sha256:e24ac15e052e04a3462ef4984b5d83214f7f65c06f54acd3745a1926e226be16 7.81kB / 7.81kB                                  0.0s
 => => sha256:9b829c73b52b92b97d5c07a54fb0f3e921995a296c714b53a32ae67d19231fcd 5.15MB / 5.15MB                                  0.9s
 => => sha256:cb5b7ae361722f070eca53f35823ed21baa85d61d5d95cd5a95ab53d740cdd56 10.87MB / 10.87MB                                0.7s
 => => sha256:8a9d5c43f540e8d0c003c723a2c8bd20ae350a2efed6fb5719cae33b026f8e7c 1.29kB / 1.29kB                                  0.0s
 => => sha256:9413213335131c4e06b21a8e379bd9b6a20afcd6b762540463d5f7c72942dcdd 1.79kB / 1.79kB                                  0.0s
 => => sha256:0e29546d541cdbd309281d21a73a9d1db78665c1b95b74f32b009e0b77a6e1e3 54.92MB / 54.92MB                               18.6s
 => => sha256:6494e4811622b31c027ccac322ca463937fd805f569a93e6f15c01aade718793 54.57MB / 54.57MB                               21.5s
 => => sha256:668f6fcc5fa5532a1dd793456f64daf954192e0521fd65d42af584d5e2d93f55 5.42MB / 5.42MB                                  1.3s
 => => sha256:c0879393b07ef5fa816c292b00e3eb4945890bc2a69ab0d1754240cbe9cedf21 212B / 212B                                      1.6s
 => => sha256:bef50c41a74d450f2d708be5971c3ba635ed1a714af7f4fa1497886adb2fa734 106.00MB / 106.00MB                             12.4s
 => => extracting sha256:0e29546d541cdbd309281d21a73a9d1db78665c1b95b74f32b009e0b77a6e1e3                                       3.1s
 => => extracting sha256:9b829c73b52b92b97d5c07a54fb0f3e921995a296c714b53a32ae67d19231fcd                                       0.3s
 => => extracting sha256:cb5b7ae361722f070eca53f35823ed21baa85d61d5d95cd5a95ab53d740cdd56                                       0.3s
 => => extracting sha256:6494e4811622b31c027ccac322ca463937fd805f569a93e6f15c01aade718793                                       3.2s
 => => extracting sha256:668f6fcc5fa5532a1dd793456f64daf954192e0521fd65d42af584d5e2d93f55                                       0.2s
 => => extracting sha256:c0879393b07ef5fa816c292b00e3eb4945890bc2a69ab0d1754240cbe9cedf21                                       0.0s
 => => extracting sha256:bef50c41a74d450f2d708be5971c3ba635ed1a714af7f4fa1497886adb2fa734                                       3.3s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                               0.1s
 => => transferring context: 9.88kB                                                                                             0.0s
 => [2/3] WORKDIR /cyk/apps                                                                                                     0.2s
 => [3/3] ADD ssm-docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar /cyk/apps/apps.jar                                                                  0.1s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                          0.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                         0.1s
 => => writing image sha256:89839bc7dd0c546892b523403eb18d8b3a5d84993c4be71a9dd4ca2875bd1e9d                                    0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/app:1.0                                                                                      0.0s
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# docker images
REPOSITORY                  TAG              IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
app                         1.0              89839bc7dd0c   28 seconds ago   526MB

1.4、运行镜像并测试

a）先自定义一个网桥，方便后续运行容器时直接加入到统一网络下.

[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# docker network create mynet
dd8d11bdbd1ff64905a877c350752521f8dc772480b0a9db378769d283a143ac
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# 
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# 
[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
f84ca6fc4b48   bridge    bridge    local
a1b8a8a8e372   host      host      local
dd8d11bdbd1f   mynet     bridge    local
38b4ab15453c   none      null      local

d）启动容器

启动 mysql：

docker run -d --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=1111 --network mynet mysql:5.7

Ps：这里不要忘了准备 MySQL 的数据

启动 springboot 项目：

docker run -d --name app -p 8081:8081 --network mynet app:1.0

检查启动日志：

[root@VM-8-17-centos apps]# docker logs -f app

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.7.6)

2023-12-28 10:40:00.259  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : Starting SsmDockerApplication using Java 1.8.0_312 on 4ecafb679d7f with PID 1 (/apps/apps.jar started by root in /apps)
2023-12-28 10:40:00.273  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-12-28 10:40:02.271  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
2023-12-28 10:40:02.290  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-12-28 10:40:02.290  INFO 1 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.69]
2023-12-28 10:40:02.391  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-12-28 10:40:02.391  INFO 1 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1959 ms
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
Parsed mapper file: 'class path resource [mapper/UserMapper.xml]'
2023-12-28 10:40:03.399  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.w.s.WelcomePageHandlerMapping    : Adding welcome page: class path resource [static/index.html]
2023-12-28 10:40:03.675  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http) with context path ''
2023-12-28 10:40:03.690  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : Started SsmDockerApplication in 4.412 seconds (JVM running for 5.138)

e）注意事项：运行容器时，一旦出现以下情况

no main manifest attribute, in apps.jar

一定要看一下 pom.xml 文件中是否存在 <skip>true<skip> 的配置，因为打包时他会跳过主类.

f）postman 测试接口

这里我为了防止黑客攻击，建立隧道和远端服务器连接，开放映射本地 9091 端口.

访问后，云服务器上检查日志，也可以观察到打印相应日志（测试成功）

[root@VM-8-17-centos ~]# docker logs app

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.7.6)

2023-12-28 10:40:00.259  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : Starting SsmDockerApplication using Java 1.8.0_312 on 4ecafb679d7f with PID 1 (/apps/apps.jar started by root in /apps)
2023-12-28 10:40:00.273  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-12-28 10:40:02.271  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
2023-12-28 10:40:02.290  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-12-28 10:40:02.290  INFO 1 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.69]
2023-12-28 10:40:02.391  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-12-28 10:40:02.391  INFO 1 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1959 ms
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
Parsed mapper file: 'class path resource [mapper/UserMapper.xml]'
2023-12-28 10:40:03.399  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.w.s.WelcomePageHandlerMapping    : Adding welcome page: class path resource [static/index.html]
2023-12-28 10:40:03.675  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http) with context path ''
2023-12-28 10:40:03.690  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.cyk.SsmDockerApplication             : Started SsmDockerApplication in 4.412 seconds (JVM running for 5.138)
2023-12-28 10:43:17.431  INFO 1 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2023-12-28 10:43:17.431  INFO 1 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2023-12-28 10:43:17.432  INFO 1 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 1 ms
Creating a new SqlSession
SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@45f8529a] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
2023-12-28 10:43:17.524  INFO 1 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2023-12-28 10:43:17.819  INFO 1 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
JDBC Connection [HikariProxyConnection@1585874780 wrapping com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@1380045] will not be managed by Spring
==>  Preparing: select * from user;
==> Parameters: 
<==    Columns: id, name, age
<==        Row: 1, cyk, 20
<==        Row: 2, lyj, 19
<==        Row: 4, pdder, 100
<==      Total: 3
Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@45f8529a]