目录
一命令行基础
1.命令语法
（1）.选项可以有多个
（2）.参数也可以有多个
2.命令类型
（1）.外部命令：集成于shell解释器之内的命令运行速度更快，也称之为內嵌式命令
（2）.外部命令：集成于shell解释器之外的命令，能够完成特定功能的脚本文件或二进制程序文件
3.type命令
（1).作用：查看命令的类型
（2.语法：type需要查看的命令字
4.命令补齐
（1）.随便输入字母
（2）.按两次tab键
（3）.输入到指定字母后没有其他命令则会补齐
二.系统基本操作命令
1.路径类型
（1）.绝对路径：每次都从/（跟）出发
（2）.相对路径：从当前位置出发
2.操作命令
（1）.查看主机名：hostname
hostname localhost.localdomain
（2）.查看所有网卡，包括未启用的网卡：ip a
ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:01:94:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.110.137/24 brd 192.168.110.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1202sec preferred_lft 1202sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:9421/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:5a:7b:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:5a:7b:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
（3）.只查看已启用网卡：ifconfig
ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.110.137 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:9421 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:01:94:21 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 24531 bytes 1793666 (1.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 37577 bytes 62871374 (59.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:5a:7b:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
（4）.查看指定网卡参数：ifconfig 网卡名称（例：ens33）
ifconfig ens33 ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.110.137 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:9421 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:01:94:21 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 24964 bytes 1825117 (1.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 38267 bytes 63939684 (60.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
（5）.查看cpu信息：cat /proc/cpuinfo或lscpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 25 model : 80 model name : AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphics stepping : 0 cpu MHz : 3194.002 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 16 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc extd_apicid eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext retpoline_amd ssbd ibrs ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 clzero arat umip pku ospke vaes vpclmulqdq overflow_recov succor bogomips : 6388.00 TLB size : 2560 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
（6）.查看内存信息：cat /proc/meminfo或lsmem
cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1863000 kB MemFree: 66620 kB MemAvailable: 773664 kB Buffers: 108 kB Cached: 813632 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 648208 kB Inactive: 625164 kB Active(anon): 457972 kB Inactive(anon): 13604 kB Active(file): 190236 kB Inactive(file): 611560 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2097148 kB SwapFree: 2097148 kB Dirty: 8 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 459652 kB Mapped: 136884 kB Shmem: 11944 kB Slab: 144904 kB SReclaimable: 72672 kB SUnreclaim: 72232 kB KernelStack: 10832 kB PageTables: 35612 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3028648 kB Committed_AS: 3890380 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 221760 kB VmallocChunk: 34359277564 kB Percpu: 55808 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 141312 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 110464 kB DirectMap2M: 1986560 kB DirectMap1G: 0 kB
（7）.查看内存的使用情况：free -m
free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1819 888 64 11 865 755 Swap: 2047 0 2047
（8）.查看磁盘的使用情况：df -Th
df -Th 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 devtmpfs devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 4.3G 46G 9% / /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 147G 33M 147G 1% /home /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 182M 44K 182M 1% /run/user/0
（9）.关机命令：poweroff或shutdown now或init 0
（10）.重启命令：reboot或shutdown -r或init 6
（11）.切换目录：cd
（12）.查看目录内容：dir或ls
（13）.查看文件内容：cat
（14）.打印所处目录的绝对路径：pwd
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