安全认证https下的crt和key证书的生成

x509证书一般会用到三类文件，key，csr，crt

 

Key 是私用密钥openssl格，通常是rsa算法。

Csr 是证书请求文件，用于申请证书。在制作csr文件的时，必须使用自己的私钥来签署申，还可以设定一个密钥。

crt是CA认证后的证书文，（windows下面的，其实是crt），签署人用自己的key给你签署的凭证。 

 

1.key的生成 

输入：openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
........+++
.............................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:《输入大于四位字符的密码》
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:《输入大于四位字符的密码》

这样是生成rsa私钥，des3算法，openssl格式，2048位强度。server.key是密钥文件名。为了生成这样的密钥，需要一个至少四位的密码。可以通过以下方法生成没有密码的key:

输入：openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key:《输入刚设置的密码》
writing RSA key

server.key就是没有密码的版本了。

2. 生成CA的crt

生成的ca.crt文件是用来签署下面的server.csr文件。

输入：openssl req -new -x509 -key server.key -out ca.crt -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:kingstack
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:*.kingstack.com
Email Address []:kingstack@kingsoft.com

3. csr的生成方法

需要依次输入国家，地区，组织，email。最重要的是有一个common name，可以写你的名字或者域名。如果为了https申请，这个必须和域名吻合，否则会引发浏览器警报。生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书

输入：openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:kingstack
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:*.kingstack.com
Email Address []:kingstack@kingsoft.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:《可以为空》
An optional company name []:《可以为空》

4. crt生成方法

CSR文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书，可将此文件发送到verisign等地方由它验证，要交一大笔钱，何不自己做CA呢。

输入：openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey server.key -CAcreateserial -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=kingstack/CN=*.kingstack.com/emailAddress=kingstack@kingsoft.com
Getting CA Private Key

输入key的密钥后，完成证书生成。-CA选项指明用于被签名的csr证书，-CAkey选项指明用于签名的密钥，-CAserial指明序列号文件，而-CAcreateserial指明文件不存在时自动生成。

最后生成了私用密钥：server.key和自己认证的SSL证书：server.crt

证书合并：

cat server.key server.crt > server.pem