简介：
一个项目如果要面对外国的客户时，需要语言切换。本文使用XML，XML是可扩展标记语言（Extensible Markup Language）的缩写，仅用于存储数据。
1.使用
- 新建三个文件。文件的路径和格式需要和MultiLanguage类对应。
- readme.xml存放的是记录选择的语言类型。
- Chinese.xml是窗体控件对应的中文。
- English.xml是窗体控件对应的英文。
2. 原理
- 窗体的Name，需要根据当前窗体的实际名称进行更改。不管是任何窗体，按照如下格式即可。
- 控件的Name和Text，根据实际情况填写。不管是任何控件，按照如何格式即可。
<Form Name="Form1">
<Controls name="chineseToolStripMenuItem" text="中文" ></Controls>
<Controls name="englishToolStripMenuItem" text="英文" ></Controls>
<Controls name="languageToolStripMenuItem" text="语言" ></Controls>
</Form>
3.代码
- 读取readme.xml的语言类型，加载对应的语言配置文件。
- 通过菜单的Click事件，选择语言类型。
- MultiLanguage类展示。
- 加载
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LanguageInit();
}
private void LanguageInit()
{
string lang = MultiLanguage.GetDefaultLanguage();
LanguageSwitch(this, lang);
}- 选择
private void languageToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ToolStripMenuItem menu = sender as ToolStripMenuItem;
string lang = "";
if (menu == chineseToolStripMenuItem)
{
lang = Enum.GetName(typeof(enumLanguage), 0);
}
else if (menu == englishToolStripMenuItem)
{
lang = Enum.GetName(typeof(enumLanguage), 1);
}
LanguageSwitch(this, lang);
}
private void LanguageSwitch(Form form, string lang)
{
if (!MultiLanguage.LoadLanguage(form, lang))
{
return;
}
MultiLanguage.SetDefaultLanguage(lang);
if (lang == Enum.GetName(typeof(enumLanguage), 0))
{
chineseToolStripMenuItem.Checked = true;
englishToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
}
else if (lang == Enum.GetName(typeof(enumLanguage), 1))
{
chineseToolStripMenuItem.Checked = false;
englishToolStripMenuItem.Checked = true;
}
}- MultiLanguage类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;
using System.Data;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
namespace 中英文切换
{
public enum enumLanguage
{
Chinese,
English,
}
class MultiLanguage
{
//当前默认语言
public static string DefaultLanguage = "ChineseSimplified";
private static List<string> ListMenu = new List<string>();
private static Dictionary<string,ToolStripMenuItem> DicMenu = new Dictionary<string,ToolStripMenuItem>();
/// <summary>
/// 读取当前默认语言
/// </summary>
/// <returns>当前默认语言</returns>
public static string GetDefaultLanguage()
{
string defaultLanguage = "ChineseSimplified";
XDocument document = new XDocument();
string strRead = "Languages/" + "readme" + ".xml";
string strFile = System.Windows.Forms.Application.StartupPath + "/" + strRead;
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(strFile))
{
defaultLanguage = string.Empty;
return defaultLanguage;
}
document = XDocument.Load(strRead);
XElement root1 = document.Root;
defaultLanguage = root1.FirstAttribute.Value;
return defaultLanguage;
}
/// <summary>
/// 修改默认语言
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lang">待设置默认语言</param>
public static void SetDefaultLanguage(string lang)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
XDocument document = new XDocument();
document = XDocument.Load("Languages/" + "readme" + ".xml");
XElement root = document.Root;
root.FirstAttribute.Value = lang;
document.Save("Languages/" + "readme" + ".xml");
}
private static void EnumerateMenu(ToolStripMenuItem item)
{
foreach (ToolStripMenuItem subItem in item.DropDownItems)
{
ListMenu.Add(subItem.Name);
DicMenu.Add(subItem.Name,subItem);
EnumerateMenu(subItem);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 加载语言
/// </summary>
/// <param name="form">加载语言的窗口</param>
public static bool LoadLanguage(Form form, string language)
{
if (form == null || form.IsDisposed)
{
return false;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(language))
{
return false;
}
//根据用户选择的语言获得表的显示文字
Hashtable hashText = ReadXMLText(form.Name, language);
Hashtable hashHeaderText = ReadXMLHeaderText(form.Name, language);
if (hashText == null)
{
return false;
}
//获取当前窗口的所有控件
Control.ControlCollection sonControls = form.Controls;
try
{
DicMenu.Clear();
ListMenu.Clear();
MenuStrip menu = form.MainMenuStrip;
if (menu != null)
{
foreach (ToolStripMenuItem item in menu.Items)
{
ListMenu.Add(item.Name);
DicMenu.Add(item.Name, item);
EnumerateMenu(item);
}
}
var result = from pair in DicMenu orderby pair.Key select pair;
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ToolStripMenuItem> pair in result)
{
if (hashText.Contains(pair.Key))
{
pair.Value.Text = (string)hashText[pair.Key];
}
}
//遍历所有控件
foreach (Control control in sonControls)
{
if (control.GetType() == typeof(Panel)) //Panel
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(GroupBox)) //GroupBox
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TabControl)) //TabControl
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TabPage)) //TabPage
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TableLayoutPanel)) //TableLayoutPanel
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(DataGridView)) //DataGridView
{
GetSetHeaderCell((DataGridView)control, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(Button)) //Button
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(ToolStripMenuItem)) //menu
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
if (hashText.Contains(control.Name))
{
control.Text = (string)hashText[control.Name];
}
}
//如果找到了控件，就将对应的名字赋值过去
if (hashText.Contains(form.Name))
{
form.Text = (string)hashText[form.Name];
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
string s = ex.ToString();
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取并设置控件中的子控件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controls">父控件</param>
/// <param name="hashResult">哈希表</param>
private static void GetSetSubControls(Control.ControlCollection controls, Hashtable hashText, Hashtable hashHeaderText)
{
try
{
foreach (Control control in controls)
{
if (control.GetType() == typeof(Panel)) //Panel
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(GroupBox)) //GroupBox
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TabControl)) //TabControl
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TabPage)) //TabPage
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(TableLayoutPanel)) //TableLayoutPanel
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(DataGridView))
{
GetSetHeaderCell((DataGridView)control, hashHeaderText);
}
else if (control.GetType() == typeof(Button)) //Button
{
GetSetSubControls(control.Controls, hashText, hashHeaderText);
}
if (hashText.Contains(control.Name))
{
control.Text = (string)hashText[control.Name];
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 从XML文件中读取需要修改Text的內容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="frmName">窗口名，用于获取对应窗口的那部分内容</param>
/// <param name="xmlName">目标语言</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Hashtable ReadXMLText(string frmName, string xmlName)
{
try
{
Hashtable hashResult = new Hashtable();
XmlReader reader = null;
//判断是否存在该语言的配置文件
if (!(new System.IO.FileInfo("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml")).Exists)
{
return null;
}
else
{
reader = new XmlTextReader("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml");
}
XDocument document = new XDocument();
document = XDocument.Load("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml");
var classData = (from n in document.Root.Elements("Form")
where n.Attribute("Name").Value == frmName
select n).ToList();
foreach (var item in classData.Elements("Controls"))
{
XElement xe = (XElement)item;
XAttribute xName = xe.Attribute("name");
XAttribute xText = xe.Attribute("text");
string name = xName.Value;
string text = xText.Value;
if (name != null && text != null)
{
hashResult.Add(name, text);
}
}
reader.Close();
// reader.Dispose();
return hashResult;
}
catch
{
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 从XML文件中读取需要修改HeaderText的內容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="frmName">窗口名，用于获取对应窗口的那部分内容</param>
/// <param name="xmlName">目标语言</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Hashtable ReadXMLHeaderText(string frmName, string xmlName)
{
try
{
Hashtable hashResult = new Hashtable();
XmlReader reader = null;
//判断是否存在该语言的配置文件
if (!(new System.IO.FileInfo("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml")).Exists)
{
return null;
}
else
{
reader = new XmlTextReader("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml");
}
XDocument document = new XDocument();
document = XDocument.Load("Languages/" + xmlName + ".xml");
var classData = (from n in document.Root.Elements("Form")
where n.Attribute("Name").Value == frmName
select n).ToList();
foreach (var item in classData.Elements("Controls"))
{
XElement xe = (XElement)item;
XAttribute xName = xe.Attribute("name");
XAttribute xText = xe.Attribute("text");
string name = xName.Value;
string text = xText.Value;
if (name != null && text != null)
{
hashResult.Add(name, text);
}
}
reader.Close();
//reader.Dispose();
return hashResult;
}
catch
{
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取并设置DataGridView的列头
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dataGridView">DataGridView名</param>
/// <param name="hashResult">哈希表</param>
private static void GetSetHeaderCell(DataGridView dataGridView, Hashtable hashHeaderText)
{
foreach (DataGridViewColumn column in dataGridView.Columns)
{
if (hashHeaderText.Contains(column.Name.ToLower()))
{
column.HeaderText = (string)hashHeaderText[column.Name.ToLower()];
}
}
}
}
}
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