Python程序设计期末复习

计算复利

a = float(input("请输入本金："))
b = float(input("请输入年利率："))
c = float(input("请输入年数："))
amount = a * (1 + b/100) ** c
print("本金利率和为%.2f" % amount)

计算球的表面积和体积

import math
r = float(input("请输入球的半径："))
s = 4 * math.pi * r ** 2
v = 4 / 3 * math.pi * r ** 3
print(str.format("球的表面积为：{0:2.2f},体积为{1:2.2f}",s, v))
print("球的表面积为：{0:.2f},体积为{1:.2f}".format(s, v))

复利函数

def getValue(b,r,n):
    return b*(1+r/100)**n
b = float(input())
r = float(input())
n = float(input())
amount = getValue(b,r,n)
print("本金利率和为：{0:.2f}".format(amount))

解方程

解方程
import math
a = 1
b = -10
c = 16
delta = pow(b, 2) - 4 * a * c
if delta < 0:
    print("次方程无解")
else:
    x1 = (-b + math.sqrt(delta)) / (2 * a)
    x2 = (-b - math.sqrt(delta)) / (2 * a)
    print("方程x*x-10*x+16=0的解为：{0:.1f}{1:.1f}".format(x1,x2))

输出姓名和年龄

输出姓名和年龄
name = input("请输入你的姓名：")
birthyear = int(input("请输入你的出生年份："))
import datetime
nowyear = datetime.datetime.now().year
age = nowyear - birthyear
print("您好！{0}。您{1}岁。".format(name, age))

算分段函数

import math
x = float(input())
ans = 0
if x >= 0:
    ans = math.sin(x) + 2 * math.sqrt(x + math.e ** 4) - (x + 1) ** 3
else:
    ans = math.log(-5 * x) - math.fabs(x ** 2 - 8 * x) / (7 * x) + math.e

# 是否为闰年
y = int(input())
if (y % 4 == 0 and y % 100 != 0) or (y % 400 == 0):
    print("是闰年")
else:
    print("不是闰年")

求自然数e的值

t = 1
e = 1
i = 1
while (1 /t) >= pow(10, -6):
   t *= i
   e += 1/t
   i += 1
print(e)

打印九九乘法表

# 矩形打印九九乘法表
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, 10):
        print("{0}*{1}={2:<3}".format(i, j, i*j), end='')
    print()
# 左上三角
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, i+1):                             # 注意i+1
        print("{0}*{1}={2:<3}".format(i, j, i*j), end='')
    print()
# 左下三角
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(i, 10):
        print("{0}*{1}={2:<3}".format(i, j, i*j), end='')
    print()
# 右上三角
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, 10):
        if j >= i:
            print("{0}*{1}={2:<3}".format(i, j, i*j), end='')
        else:
            print("       ",end='')
    print()
# 右下三角
for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(9, 0,-1):
        if j <= i:
            print("{0}*{1}={2:<3}".format(i, j, i*j), end='')
        else:
            print("       ",end='')
    print()

斐波那契数列

f1 = 1
f2 = 1
for i in range(1, 11):
    print(str.format("{0:6}{1:6}", f1, f2), end='')
    if i % 2 == 0:
        print()
    f1 += f2
    f2 += f1

是否能构成三角形

import math
# 是否能构成三角形
a = float(input("请输入三角形的边A"))
b = float(input("请输入三角形的边B"))
c = float(input("请输入三角形的边C"))
s = 0
if a > 0 and b > 0 and c > 0:
    if a + b > c and b + c > a and c + a > b:
        h = (a + b + c) / 2
        s = math.sqrt(h * (h - a) * (h - b) * (h - c))
print("三角形三边分别为：{0:.1f},{1:.1f}{2:.1f}".format(a, b, c))
print("三角形周长：{0:.1f},".format(a+b+c), end='')
print("三角形面积：{0:.1f}".format(s))

计算分段函数

import math
x = float(input("请输入x"))
y = 0
if x >= 0:
    y = (x*x - 3*x)/(x + 1) + 2*math.pi + math.sin(x)
else:
    y = math.log(-5 * x) + 6*math.sqrt(math.fabs(x) + math.e**4) - (x + 1) ** 3
print(y)

求方程的解

import math
a = float(input("请输入系数a:"))
b = float(input("请输入系数b:"))
c = float(input("请输入系数c:"))
x = 0
if a == 0 and b == 0:
    print("此方程无解")
elif a == 0 and b != 0:
    x = -c / b
    print("此方程的解为：{0:.1f}".format(x))
else:
    if b ** 2-4 * a * c == 0:
        x = -b / (2 * a)
        print("此方程有两个相等实根：{0:.1f}".format(x))
    elif b ** 2-4 * a * c > 0:
        x1 = (-b + math.sqrt(b ** 2-4 * a * c)) / (2 * a)
        x2 = (-b - math.sqrt(b ** 2-4 * a * c)) / (2 * a)
        print("此方程有两个不等实根：{0:.1f}和{1:.1f}".format(x1, x2))
    else:
        x1 = -b / (2 * a)
        x2 = math.sqrt(4 * a * c - b ** 2) / (2 * a)
        print("此方程有两个共轭复根：{0:.1f}+{1:.1f}i和{0:.1f}-{1:.1f}i".format(x1, x2))

求n的阶乘

n = -1
while n < 0:
    n = int(input("请输入非负整数n"))
if n == 0:
    print(str.format("{0}!={1}".format(n, 1)))
else:
    s = 1
    for i in range(1, n+1):
        s *= i
    print(str.format("for循环 {0}!={1}",n, s))
    k = 1
    temp = n
    while temp > 0:
        k = k * temp
        temp -= 1
    print(str.format("while循环 {0}!={1}",n, k))

最小公约数和最大公倍数

import random
x1 = random.randint(0, 100)
x2 = random.randint(0, 100)
print(str.format("整数1={0}整数2={1}", x1, x2))
a, b = x1, x2
while b != 0:
    r = a % b
    a = b
    b = r
b = x1 * x2 // a
print(str.format("最大公约数={0}，最小公倍数={1}", a, b))

格式化字符串变量

score, width, precision = 12.34567, 10, 4
print(f"result:{score: {width}.{precision}}")

杨辉三角

n = int(input())
data = [[1], [1, 1]]
for i in range(2, n):
    d = [1]
    for j in range(i-1):
        d.append(data[i-1][j] + data[i-1][j+1])
    d.append(1)
    data.append(d)
c1 = 6
for i in data:
    s = ''
    for j in i:
        s += ' '
        s += str(j)
    print(s.center(20))

求直角三角形的两个锐角度数

import math
A = 0
while A <= 0:
    A = float(input("请输入直角三角形的直角边："))
B = 0
while B <= 0:
    B = float(input("请输入直角三角形的直角边："))
C = math.sqrt(A ** 2 + B ** 2)
print("直角三角形三边分别为：a={0:.1f},b={1:.1f},c={2:.1f}".format(A, B, C))
print("三角形的周长={0:.1f},面积={1:.1f}".format(A+B+C, A * B / 2))
h1 = math.asin(A / C)
h2 = math.asin(B / C)
d1 = round(h1 * 180 / math.pi)
d2 = round(h2 * 180 / math.pi)
print("两个锐角的度数分别为：{0:.1f}和{1:.1f}".format(d1, d2))

生成随机数并排序

import random
a = random.randint(0, 100)
b = random.randint(0, 100)
c = random.randint(0, 100)
print("原始值：a={0},b={1},c={2}".format(a, b, c))
if a > b:
    a, b = b, a
if a > c:
    a, c = c, a
if b > c:
    b, c = c, b
print("升序值：a={0},b={1},c={2}".format(a, b, c))

鸡兔同笼

s = int(input("请输入总头数:"))
f = 1
while f % 2 != 0:
    f = int(input("请输入总脚数(必须是偶数):"))
flag = 0
for i in range(0, s+1):
    j = s - i
    if 2 * i + 4 * j == f:
        flag = 1
        print("方法一：鸡有{0}只兔有{1}只".format(i, j))
        break
if flag == 0:
    print("无解，请重新运行测试！")

y = (f - 2 * s) // 2
if y < 0:
    print("无解，请重新运行测试！")
else:
    x = s - y
    print("方法二：鸡有{0:}只兔有{1}只".format(x, y))

计算e的x次幂

import math
x = float(input("请输入x:"))
i = 1
s = 1
j = 1
t = 1
while math.fabs(i) >= 1e-10:
    t *= j
    i = (x ** j) / t
    s += i
    j += 1
print("Pow(e,x) = {0}".format(s))

迭代法求算术平方根

import math
a = int(input())
x = 1
while math.fabs(math.sqrt(a) - x) >= 1e-6:
    x = (x + a / x) / 2
print("{0}的算术平方根为：{1}".format(a, x))

韩信点兵

ls = []
for i in range(0, 1001):
    if i % 7 == 2 and i % 5 == 3 and i % 3 == 2:
        ls.append(i)
print("0-1000中被3除余2，被5除余3，被7除余2的数有：")
for i in ls:
    print(i, end=' ')

小球反弹

h = 100
i = 0
s = 0
while i < 10:
    s += h*2
    i += 1
    h /= 2
print(s-100, h)

猴子吃桃

p = 1
print("第8天的桃子数为：{0}".format(p))
for i in range(7, 0, -1):
    print("第{0}天的桃子数为：{1}".format(i, (p+1)*2))
    p = (p+1)*2

输出 1 到 100 之间的所有素数，每行输出 5 个

cnt = 0
for n in range(2, 101):
    flag = 1
    for m in range(2, n):
        if n % m == 0:
            flag = 0
            break
    if flag == 1:
        cnt += 1
        print("{0:<3d}".format(n), end='')
        if cnt % 5 == 0:
            print()

从键盘输入两个正整数，计算输出其最大公约数。要求，对正确的输入，可得
到正确结果，对错误的输入，使用 try-except 结构给出输入错误提示。

try:
    a = int(input("请输入第一个正整数："))
    b = int(input("请输入第二个正整数："))
    if a <= 0 or b <= 0:
        raise ValueError("请输入正整数！")
    else:
        while b != 0:
            a, b = b, a % b
        print(a)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)

输出ASCII码值

s = input()
ls = []
for i in range(0, len(s)):
    ls.append(ord(s[i]))
print(ls)

文本文件 data.txt 中保存一批实数，读文件，统计数据个数、最大数、最小数
和平均值。

ls1 = []
ls2 = []
with open("data.txt", 'r') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
    data = [(line.strip()) for line in lines]

for i in data:
    ls1.append(list(i.split(' ')))
for j in ls1:
    for k in j:
        if k != '':
            ls2.append(int(k))
print("数据个数:", len(ls2))
print("最大值：", max(ls2))
print("最小值：", min(ls2))
f.close()

从键盘中输入一批数据，以-9999 结束，统计数据个数、平均值，最大值、最
小值，并将这些数据和统计结果写入文件 result.txt

data = []
while 1:
    nums = input("请输入一个实数，或者输入-9999结束输入: ")
    if nums == '-9999':
        break
    data.append(float(nums))

count = len(data)
max_value = max(data)
min_value = min(data)
average = sum(data) / count
with open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    for a in data:
        f.write(str(a) + '\n')  # 必须是以字符串的形式写入
    f.write("统计结果" + '\n')
    f.write("数据个数：{0}".format(count) + '\n')
    f.write("最大值：{0}".format(max_value) + '\n')
    f.write("最小值：{0}".format(min_value) + '\n')
    f.write("平均值：{0}".format(average) + '\n')

类和对象

class Person():
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def get_name(self):
        return self.name
    def get_age(self):
        return self.age
class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, score):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.score = score
    def get_MaxScore(self):
        return max(self.score)

s1 = Student('小明', 18, [93, 68, 76])
print("姓名：", s1.get_name())
print("年龄：", s1.get_age())
print("最高分数：", s1.get_MaxScore())

class Cacul_Score():
    def __init__(self, python, c, sql):
        self.python = python
        self.c = c
        self.sql = sql
    def get_sum(self):
        sum_score = self.python + self.c + self.sql
        avrg_score = sum_score / 3
        print("总成绩为：{0},平均成绩为：{1}".format(sum_score, avrg_score))
s1 = Cacul_Score(98, 88, 84)
s1.get_sum()

class Student():
    def __init__(self, name, age, score):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.score = score
    def get_name(self):
        return str(self.name)
    def get_age(self):
        return int(self.age)
    def get_course(self):
        return max(self.score)
wh = Student('王红',20,[69,88,100])
zk = Student('张凯',19,[99,86,98])
print(wh.get_course())
print(zk.get_course())