C++11的for循环使用auto的新用法

//1、数组
 int array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
 for(auto e : array)
    cout << e << endl;
// 等价于
 for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
     cout << array[i]<<endl;

//2、字符串
string str = "hello world";
for(auto ch : str)
   cout << ch <<endl;
//等价于
for(int i = 0; i <str.size(); i++)
    cout << str[i] <<endl;
  
//3、vector
vector<int> m_v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
for(auto e : m_v)
    cout << e <<endl;
// 等价于
 for(int i = 0; i < m_v.size(); i++)
     cout <<v[i]<<endl;
//4、map
map<int,string> m = {{1, "abc"}, {2, "bca"}, {3, "cab"}};
for(auto e : m)
    cout <<e.first<<"  "<< e.second<<endl;
//等价于
for(map<int, string>::iterator it = m.begin();it != m.end(); it++)
cout <<it->first<<"  "<<it->second<<endl;