一、Mysql安装：
查看是否已经安装MySQL：rpm -qa|grep -i mysql，如果已经安装可以先卸载rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs --nodeps代表：可能其他地方有依赖mysql，这里强制卸载
两种方式：
1.rpm方式（未安装wget，执行命令： yum install wget）：
①wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
②yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
③开始安装MySQL服务器 代码：yum -y install mysql-community-server
④启动mysql：systemctl start mysqld.service，查看MySQL的运行状态：systemctl status mysqld.service
⑤找出MySQL的密码：grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
⑥命令修改数据库密码：/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password ' Wy_123456‘
⑦进入MySQL：MySQL -u root -p 密码是：Wy_123456
2.压缩包安装：
①首先下载压缩安装包（选择你想要的版本）：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.gz
②解压到/usr/local/下，重命名为mysql：tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ && cd /usr/local/&&mv mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-i686/ mysql
③添加系统mysql组和mysql用户：groupadd mysql&&useradd -r -g mysql mysql
④创建mysql数据目录，新目录不存在则创建
在MySQL中常见目录 mkdir -p data
⑤修改/etc/my.cnf文件（MySQL的配置文件）：
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
⑥修改目录权限：chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
⑦初始化数据库，进入mysql目录：
./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize
或
./bin/mysql --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize ;
记得要记住此时生成的临时密码，如果忘了可以去日志中查找 grep "password"
/位置/mysqld.log
⑧启动mysql服务和添加开机启动mysql服务（在mysql目录下）：cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
检查服务是否生效：chkconfig --list mysql
⑨这是启动mysql就可以用：
# 启动
service mysql start;
# 查看启动状态
service mysql status;
⑩进入mysql：
mysql -uroot -p
进入后可能不能执行任何sql语句，因为需要修改密码，执行语句：
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by ’你的密码’;
如果想要所有的服务器都可以访问那么把上面的localhost改为%
刷新
flush privileges;
二、安装中可能出现的问题
1、无法启动：是不是日志等文件无法生成的问题，那就是mysql权限的问题：执行下面命令：chmod 777 日志文件生成位置文件夹 chown -R mysql:mysql 文件夹
2.忘记密码：
①vim /etc/my.cnf，添加 skip-grant-table（跳过权限验证）
②重启服务
③重置密码：
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string='密码' where user='root';
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '密码';
flush privileges;
④vim /etc/my.cnf，删除 skip-grant-table
⑤再次重启 mysql 服务，使用新密码登录 mysql
三、mysql的主从配置
1、主库配置：
①先在/etc/my.cnf中添加：
server-id=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
sync_relay_log=1
binlog_format=ROW
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
master-info-repository=TABLE
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
relay_log_recovery=ON
log-bin=binlog
# binlog_do_db = test1,test2 #日志记录那些数据库
# binlog_ignore_db = mysql,performance_schema,information_schema #日志记录忽略那些数据库的
lower_case_table_names = 1
default-storage-engine=INNODB
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
skip-name-resolve
back_log = 500
key_buffer_size = 400M
max_allowed_packet = 8M
thread_stack = 256K
sort_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size=2G
max_connections=1000
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
lower_case_table_names=1
②重启mysql （service mysql restart）
③在主库创建一个用于同步的用户（当然也可以不创建，直接用已有的，不过为了安全建议还是创建一个）
grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'172.16.36.110' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;刷新授权表
意思是：这个slave用户密码为123456，但有同步的权限，且只能在172.16.36.110上连接，要是所有的服务器都可以连接的话改成%，此时可以去172.16.36.110服务器上测试下看能连接不：mysql -h 主库服务器 -uslave -p 输入密码123456
如果可以连接成功则配置成功
④主服务器锁表：flush tables with read lock; #锁定数据表（目的是暂时使其不能继续写，保持现有状态用于同步）
备份主库中需要同步的数据库: mysqldump -uroot -p123456 db1 > /backup/db1.sql
⑤主库执行：show master status; 记下 Position 和 File 的值，等下进行从库配置要用到。
2.从库配置：
①现在数据库中导入需要同步的数据库：
scp root@主库服务器: /backup/db1.sql /data/.
进入mysql source /data/db1.sql
②修改/etc/my.cnf，添加配置
server-id=2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
sync_relay_log=1
binlog_format=ROW
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
master-info-repository=TABLE
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
relay_log_recovery=ON
# replicate_do_db = test1,test2 #是在slave上配置，指定slave要复制哪个库，不指定则是整个数据库
# replicate-ignore-db=mysql,performance_schema,information_schema #是在slave上配置，指定slave要忽略哪个库
log-bin=binlog
lower_case_table_names = 1
default-storage-engine=INNODB
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
skip-name-resolve
back_log = 500
key_buffer_size = 400M
max_allowed_packet = 8M
thread_stack = 256K
sort_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size=2G
max_connections=1000
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
③重启mysql
④执行下面命令：
stop slave;
change master to
master_host='主库服务器',
master_user='slave',
master_password='123456',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='刚才主库的File',
master_log_pos=刚才主库的position;
slave start;
⑤从库执行：show slave status\G; 查看是否正常
lave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Master_Log_File: 刚才主库的File
Relay_Master_Log_File: 刚才主库的File
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 刚才主库的position
Exec_master_log_pos: 刚才主库的position
3、回到主库解锁表
进入mysql 执行: unclock tables;
另附上完整的主库my.cnf：
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
bind-address=0.0.0.0
#skip-grant-tables
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#socket=/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock
port=3306
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
symbolic-links=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#tmpdir = /tmp
#master-slave配置
server-id=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
bind-address=0.0.0.0
#skip-grant-tables
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#socket=/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock
port=3306
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
symbolic-links=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#tmpdir = /tmp
#master-slave配置
server-id=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
sync_relay_log=1
binlog_format=ROW
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
master-info-repository=TABLE
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
relay_log_recovery=ON
log-bin=binlog
lower_case_table_names = 1
default-storage-engine=INNODB
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
skip-name-resolve
back_log = 500
key_buffer_size = 400M
max_allowed_packet = 8M
thread_stack = 256K
sort_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size=2G
max_connections=1000
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
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