Spring Cloud Gateway 是 Spring 官方基于 Spring5.0 、 SpringBoot2.0 和 Project Reactor 等技术开发的网关
旨在为微服务框架提供一种简单而有效的统一的 API 路由管理方式,统一访问接口。
Spring Cloud Gateway 作为 Spring Cloud 生态体系中的 网关 ,目标是替代 Netflix 的 Zuul ,其不仅提供统一的路由方式,并且基于Filter 链的方式提供了网关基本的功能,例如:安全、监控 / 埋点和限流等等。它是 基于Netty的响应式开发模式1️⃣ 路由( route ):路由是网关最基础的部分,路由信息由一个 ID ,一个目的 URL 、一组断言工厂和一组Filter 组成。如果断言为真,则说明请求 URL 和配置的路由匹配。
2️⃣ 断言( Predicate ): Java8 中的断言函数, Spring Cloud Gateway 中的断言函数输入类型是Spring5.0框架中的 ServerWebExchange 。 Spring Cloud Gateway 中的断言函数允许开发者去定义匹配来自http Request 中的任何信息,比如请求头和参数等。
3️⃣ 过滤器( Filter ):一个标准的 Spring WebFilter , Spring Cloud Gateway 中的 Filter 分为两种类型:Gateway Filter和 Global Filter 。过滤器 Filter 可以对请求和响应进行处理。
一、gateway的基本使用
1、新建gateway项目
①、建新模块
nacos注册服务
②、导入pom.xml依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
所有依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gateway</groupId>
<artifactId>code</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>gateway</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<spring-boot.version>2.4.1</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.35</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.gateway.code.GatewayApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
③、application.yml
server:
#此处的8084端口号,就好像以前外置的tomcat的8080,让我们通过浏览器进行访问
#但此服务只是做了一个路由,它会将请求路由到其它微服务(一般是消费者)进行处理
port: 8084
spring:
application:
#微服务名
name: gateway
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
#指定nacos注册中心的地址
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
#以前访问消费者:localhost:8082/user/run
#路由:localhost:8084/nacos-consumer/user/run
#路由:localhost:8084/nacos-provider/user/run
#是否与服务发现组件进行结合,通过service-id(必须设置成大写)转发到具体的服务实例。默认false
#为true代表开启基于服务发现的路由规则。
enabled: false
#配置之后访问时service-id无需大写
lower-case-service-id: true
# routes:
# # 路由标识(id:标识,具有唯一性)
# - id: user-consumer-api
# #目标服务地址(uri:地址,请求转发后的地址),会自动从注册中心获得服务的IP,不需要手动写死
# uri: lb://nacos-consumer
# #优先级,越小越优先
# #order: 999
# #路由条件(predicates:断言)
# predicates:
# # 路径匹配
# - Path=/cum/**
# filters:
# #路径前缀删除示例:请求/name/bar/foo,StripPrefix=2,去除掉前面两个前缀之后,最后转发到目标服务的路径为/foo
# #前缀过滤,请求地址:http://localhost:8084/usr/hello
# #此处配置去掉1个路径前缀,再配置上面的 Path=/usr/**,就将**转发到指定的微服务
# #因为这个api相当于是服务名,只是为了方便以后nginx的代码加上去的,对于服务提供者service-client来说,不需要这段地址,所以需要去掉
# - StripPrefix=1
# # 路由标识(id:标识,具有唯一性)
# - id: user-provider-api
# #目标服务地址(uri:地址,请求转发后的地址),会自动从注册中心获得服务的IP,不需要手动写死
# uri: lb://provider
# #优先级,越小越优先
# #order: 999
# #路由条件(predicates:断言)
# predicates:
# # 路径匹配,
# - Path=/api/prv/**
# filters:
# #路径前缀删除示例:请求/name/bar/foo,StripPrefix=2,去除掉前面两个前缀之后,最后转发到目标服务的路径为/foo
# #前缀过滤,请求地址:http://localhost:8084/usr/hello
# #此处配置去掉1个路径前缀,再配置上面的 Path=/usr/**,就将**转发到指定的微服务
# #因为这个api相当于是服务名,只是为了方便以后nginx的代码加上去的,对于服务提供者service-client来说,不需要这段地址,所以需要去掉
# - StripPrefix=2
logging:
level:
#开启spring-Cloud-gateway的日志级别为debug,方便debug调试
org.springframework.cloud.gateway: trace
org.springframework.http.server.reactive: debug
org.springframework.web.reactive: debug
reactor.ipc.netty: debug
#springboot监控Actuator,暴露所有端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
#自定义配置
gateway:
nacos:
server-addr: ${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}
# namespace: xxx-xx-xx-xx
data-id: dynamic-routing.json
group: DEFAULT_GROUP
④、启动类添加注解
@EnableDiscoveryClient
⑤、查看注册服务是否成功
动态路由
(1)application.yml
#自定义配置 gateway: nacos: server-addr: ${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr} # namespace: xxx-xx-xx-xx data-id: dynamic-routing.json group: DEFAULT_GROUP
(2)新建dynamic-routing.json配置
dynamic-routing.json源文件
{
"refreshGatewayRoute": true,
"routeList": [
{
"id": "consumer-api",
"predicates": [
{
"name": "Path",
"args": {
"_genkey_0": "/cum/**"
}
}
],
"filters": [
{
"name": "StripPrefix",
"args": {
"_genkey_0": "1"
}
}
],
"uri": "lb://consumer",
"order": 0
},
{
"id": "provider-api",
"predicates": [
{
"name": "Path",
"args": {
"_genkey_0": "/pvr/**"
}
}
],
"filters": [
{
"name": "StripPrefix",
"args": {
"_genkey_0": "1"
}
}
],
"uri": "lb://provider",
"order": 0
}
]
}
3)idea中解析配置
1)新建pojo软件包,新建
FilterEntity:转换json为java实体类
package com.gateway.code.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class FilterEntity {
//过滤器对应的Name
private String name;
//路由规则
private Map<String, String> args = new LinkedHashMap<>();
}
GatewayNacosProperties:
做yml注入的,从配置文件中把yml读取出来
package com.gateway.code.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "gateway.nacos")
@Component
public class GatewayNacosProperties {
private String serverAddr;
private String dataId;
private String namespace;
private String group;
}
PredicateEntity:转换json为java实体类
package com.gateway.code.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class PredicateEntity {
//断言对应的Name
private String name;
//断言规则
private Map<String, String> args = new LinkedHashMap<>();
}
RouteEntity:
路由实体类,里面的属性就是根据json来定义的,
路由里面会有多个predicates断言 ,转换json为java实体类
package com.gateway.code.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class RouteEntity {
//路由id
private String id;
//路由断言集合
private List<PredicateEntity> predicates = new ArrayList<>();
//路由过滤器集合
private List<FilterEntity> filters = new ArrayList<>();
//路由转发的目标uri
private String uri;
//路由执行的顺序
private int order = 0;
}
(2)pom.xml中导入json转换jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.35</version>
</dependency>
(3)开始读取
DynamicRoutingConfig:
package com.gateway.code;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.NacosFactory;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.PropertyKeyConst;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigService;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.Listener;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.gateway.code.pojo.FilterEntity;
import com.gateway.code.pojo.GatewayNacosProperties;
import com.gateway.code.pojo.PredicateEntity;
import com.gateway.code.pojo.RouteEntity;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.RefreshRoutesEvent;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.FilterDefinition;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.PredicateDefinition;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinition;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionWriter;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* 此类实现了Spring Cloud Gateway + nacos 的动态路由,
* 它实现一个Spring提供的事件推送接口ApplicationEventPublisherAware
*/
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DynamicRoutingConfig implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {
@Autowired
private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
@Autowired
private GatewayNacosProperties gatewayProperties;
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper mapper;
private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
@Override
public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
this.applicationEventPublisher = applicationEventPublisher;
}
/**
* 这个方法主要负责监听Nacos的配置变化,这里先使用参数构建一个ConfigService,
* 再使用ConfigService开启一个监听,
* 并且在监听的方法中刷新路由信息。
*/
@Bean
public void refreshRouting() throws NacosException {
//创建Properties配置类
Properties properties = new Properties();
System.out.println(gatewayProperties);
//设置nacos的服务器地址,从配置类GatewayProperties中获取
properties.put(PropertyKeyConst.SERVER_ADDR, gatewayProperties.getServerAddr());
//设置nacos的命名空间,表示从具体的命名空间中获取配置信息,不填代表默认从public获得
if (gatewayProperties.getNamespace() != null) {
properties.put(PropertyKeyConst.NAMESPACE, gatewayProperties.getNamespace());
}
//根据Properties配置创建ConfigService类
ConfigService configService = NacosFactory.createConfigService(properties);
//获得nacos中已有的路由配置
String json = configService.getConfig(gatewayProperties.getDataId(), gatewayProperties.getGroup(), 5000);
if(json==null){
return;
}
this.parseJson(json);
//添加监听器,监听nacos中的数据修改事件
configService.addListener(gatewayProperties.getDataId(), gatewayProperties.getGroup(), new Listener() {
@Override
public Executor getExecutor() {
return null;
}
/**
* 用于接收远端nacos中数据修改后的回调方法
*/
@Override
public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {
log.warn(configInfo);
//获取nacos中修改的数据并进行转换
parseJson(configInfo);
}
});
}
/**
* 解析从nacos读取的路由配置信息(json格式)
*/
public void parseJson(String json) {
log.warn("从Nacos返回的路由配置(JSON格式):" + json);
boolean refreshGatewayRoute = JSONObject.parseObject(json).getBoolean("refreshGatewayRoute");
if (refreshGatewayRoute) {
List<RouteEntity> list = JSON.parseArray(JSONObject.parseObject(json).getString("routeList")).toJavaList(RouteEntity.class);
for (RouteEntity route : list) {
update(assembleRouteDefinition(route));
}
} else {
log.warn("路由未发生变更");
}
}
/**
* 路由更新
*/
public void update(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {
try {
this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(routeDefinition.getId()));
log.warn("路由删除成功:" + routeDefinition.getId());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
try {
routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(routeDefinition)).subscribe();
this.applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
log.warn("路由更新成功:" + routeDefinition.getId());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
/**
* 路由定义
*/
public RouteDefinition assembleRouteDefinition(RouteEntity routeEntity) {
RouteDefinition definition = new RouteDefinition();
// ID
definition.setId(routeEntity.getId());
// Predicates
List<PredicateDefinition> pdList = new ArrayList<>();
for (PredicateEntity predicateEntity : routeEntity.getPredicates()) {
PredicateDefinition predicateDefinition = new PredicateDefinition();
predicateDefinition.setArgs(predicateEntity.getArgs());
predicateDefinition.setName(predicateEntity.getName());
pdList.add(predicateDefinition);
}
definition.setPredicates(pdList);
// Filters
List<FilterDefinition> fdList = new ArrayList<>();
for (FilterEntity filterEntity : routeEntity.getFilters()) {
FilterDefinition filterDefinition = new FilterDefinition();
filterDefinition.setArgs(filterEntity.getArgs());
filterDefinition.setName(filterEntity.getName());
fdList.add(filterDefinition);
}
definition.setFilters(fdList);
// URI
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(routeEntity.getUri()).build().toUri();
definition.setUri(uri);
return definition;
}
}
bye~