在WHERE中使用CASE

来源：data camp:
CASE statements allow you to categorize data that you’re interested in – and exclude data you’re not interested in. In order to do this, you can use a CASE statement as a filter in the WHERE statement to remove output you don’t want to see.

SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE 
    CASE WHEN a > 5 THEN 'Keep'
         WHEN a <= 5 THEN 'Exclude' END = 'Keep';

-- Select the season, date, home_goal, and away_goal columns
SELECT 
	season,
    date,
	home_goal,
	away_goal
FROM matches_italy
WHERE 
-- Exclude games not won by Bologna
	CASE WHEN hometeam_id = 9857 AND home_goal > away_goal THEN 'Bologna Win'
		WHEN awayteam_id = 9857 AND away_goal > home_goal THEN 'Bologna Win' 
		END IS NOT NULL;

在WHERE statement中使用CASE的注意点：

1. you don’t alias the statement in WHERE.
2. 最后的 = ‘Keep’ 就是case when then else end 看成，查询出来的一个值，然后判断表达式

例子1：

select * from #temp A
where 
 (case when LEN(A.startMonth)=1 and A.startMonth!=0 then 
     cast((CAST(startYear as varchar(4))+'0'+cast(A.startMonth as varchar(1))) as date) 
     when LEN(A.startMonth)=2 then cast(CAST(startYear as varchar(4))+cast(A.startMonth as varchar(2)) as date) end) <=cast(@condition as date)

CAST函数用于将某种数据类型的表达式显式转换为另一种数据类型。CAST()函数的参数是一个表达式，它包括用AS关键字分隔的源值和目标数据类型。
语法：CAST (expression AS data_type)
expression：任何有效的SQServer表达式。
AS：用于分隔两个参数，在AS之前的是要处理的数据，在AS之后是要转换的数据类型。
data_type：目标系统所提供的数据类型，包括bigint和sql_variant，不能使用用户定义的数据类型。

@condition是自己定义的一个变量
https://www.cnblogs.com/accumulater/p/7233626.html

例子2：

WHERE  ACTUALNUMBER!=
(CASE WHEN APPROVAL_DEPT IS NOT NULL THEN APPROVALNUMBER 
            WHEN APPROVAL_PERSON1 IS NOT NULL AND APPROVAL_DEPT IS  NULL THEN ONUMBER
            ELSE   PLANNUMBER END)