软件测试/测试开发丨iOS自动化真机测试验证环境过程中常见问题解析

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本章节主要讲解 iOS 自动化真机配置以及在 iOS 真机执行自动化时常见问题与解决方法。

真机使用的Capability

与模拟器不同，真机测试需要如下的 Capability

方式一：设置 App 路径，启动 App（自动安装 App）

{
  "app": "/Users/seveniruby/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/UICatalog-ftyzdbgapjmxxobezrnrxsshpdqh/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/UICatalog.app",
  "automationName": "XCUITest",
  "platformName": "ios",
  "xcodeOrgId": "xxxxxx",
  "xcodeSigningId": "iPhone Developer",
  "udid": "9df22446af15919c494c85b4c1c8b00eaa3a5bd0"
}

方式二：根据 App 包名启动 App

{
  "platformName": "ios",
  "bundleId": "com.example.apple-samplecode.UICatalog",
  "automationName": "XCUITest",
  "deviceName": "iPhone",
  "udid": "auto",
  "xcodeOrgId": "xxxxx",
  "xcodeSigningId": "iPhone Developer"
}

• app: Xcode 选择真机编译后的 app 位置
• bundleId: 每个 App 的标识，相当于 Android App 的 appPackage
• xcodeOrgId: Team ID，获取方法详见https://ceshiren.com/t/topic/11539
• udid:auto 会根据 deviceName 返回的参数自动获取 udid

注意：编译成功后需要在手机里信任证书

使用Appium Desktop验证环境

以上步骤完成后，出现下图表示真机环境配置成功

常见问题

问题一

Failed to register bundle identifier

• 原因：bundle identifier 有重复
• 解决方法：修改为唯一的即可

问题二

执行 instruments -s devices 命令报错：Hogwarts $ instruments -s devices xcode-select: error: tool ‘instruments’ requires Xcode, but active developer directory ‘/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools’ is a command line tools instance

• 原因：安装了 Xcode，但是不在系统默认的目录下。
• 解决方法：需要把 Xcode 的路径修改为你安装的位置，可以在终端里面用命令修改，执行命令 sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app

问题三

运行脚本过程中，手动停止脚本时，偶尔会报错 Showing All Messages WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app (3413) encountered an error (Early unexpected exit, operation never finished bootstrapping - no restart will be attempted. (Underlying error: The test runner exited with code 74 before checking in.))

• 解决方法：重启手机或者拔掉 IOS 数据线，重新连接电脑

问题四

note: Using new build system
note: Building targets in parallel
note: Planning build
note: Constructing build description
error: No signing certificate "iOS Development" found: No "iOS Development" signing certificate matching team ID "L62JHCGMQW" with a private key was found. (in target 'WebDriverAgentLib' from project 'WebDriverAgent')
error: No profiles for 'com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.xctrunner' were found: Xcode couldn't find any iOS App Development provisioning profiles matching 'com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.xctrunner'. Automatic signing is disabled and unable to generate a profile. To enable automatic signing, pass -allowProvisioningUpdates to xcodebuild. (in target 'WebDriverAgentRunner' from project 'WebDriverAgent')

• 原因：更换手机后，未重新 build；
• 解决方法：更换手机后重新 build WDA，然后点击 test 安装 wda

问题五

Assertions: System: Early unexpected exit, operation never finished bootstrapping - no restart will be
attempted. (Underlying Error: The test runner exited with code 74 before checking in. If you believe this
error represents a bug, please attach the result bundle at
/Users/dzkair/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-
alwvnomvwrdtzoaxbbkniqrpcdpp/Logs/Test/Test-WebDriverAgentRunner-2020.11.26_10-47-38-+0800.xcresult)

• 解决方法：重新插拔手机即可