windows上安装多个mysql

为了试验mysql主从配置，需要在本机上安装多个mysql，下面是安装步骤。

1. 官网下载mysql的zip包，也就是所谓的绿色版。下载连接：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-winx64.zip。 下载完成后解压缩，放到两个目录，起两个不同的名字，不要冲突。 我的目录是：

   • D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master
   • D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-slave

2. 复制一份mysql.ini到安装目录下，修改文件路径和端口号。

   basedir = D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master
   datadir = D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\data
   port = 33061
   

   完整的my.ini文件如下：

   [mysqld]
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   
   # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
   basedir = D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master
   datadir = D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\data
   port = 33061
   # server_id = .....
   
   
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
   
   sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
   
   character-set-server = utf8mb4
   
   performance_schema_max_table_instances = 600
   table_definition_cache = 400
   table_open_cache = 256
   
   [mysql]
   default-character-set = utf8mb4
   
   [client]
   default-character-set = utf8mb4
   
   default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
   

3. 进入D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\bin 目录下，以管理员身份启动cmd窗口，执行命令

   D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\bin\mysqld --install mysql-1 --defaults-file=D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\my.ini
   

   这样会生成一个服务，mysql-1是生成的服务名称。

4. 执行初始化命令。

   D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\bin\mysqld --initialize --console
   

   之后控制台会打印以下内容。

    2019-06-25T08:53:57.998809Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2019-06-25T08:53:57.998920Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
    2019-06-25T08:53:59.083792Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2019-06-25T08:53:59.139447Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2019-06-25T08:53:59.211139Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: c5a6de91-9726-11e9-a26d-10653064abae.
    2019-06-25T08:53:59.214443Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2019-06-25T08:53:59.223199Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ihfiqeg6kS/z
   

   最后一行生成一个临时密码，可以用来第一次登录。
   这个密码不能直接使用jdbc连接，会产生错误，需要使用客户端登录，并修改密码和时区。

   The specified database user/password combination is rejected: 
   com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ClosedOnExpiredPasswordException: Your password has expired.
    To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.
   

   # 修改时区
   set global time_zone = '+8:00';
   flush privileges;
   

5. 启动服务。

   net start mysql-1
   

6. 到这里就可以使用navicat等工具登录mysql了。

   停止mysql服务命令:

   net stop mysql-1
   

   删除mysql服务命令：

   D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\bin\mysqld --remove mysql-1
   

   直接使用mysqld命令需要添加环境变量，把D:\Software\mysql\mysql-5.7.26-master\bin\目录添加到path中。

7. 安装第二个mysql步骤同上，需要修改几个地方。

   • my.ini中的basedir和datadir。
   • my.ini中的端口号。
   • install命令生成的mysql服务名称。