JDK1.8中这个类的源代码,这个类是Collection内部的一个静态类 static class SynchronizedList<E> extends SynchronizedCollection<E> implements List<E> { private static final long serialVersionUID = -7754090372962971524L; final List<E> list; SynchronizedList(List<E> list) { super(list); this.list = list; } SynchronizedList(List<E> list, Object mutex) { super(list, mutex); this.list = list; } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; synchronized (mutex) {return list.equals(o);} } public int hashCode() { synchronized (mutex) {return list.hashCode();} } public E get(int index) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.get(index);} } public E set(int index, E element) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.set(index, element);} } public void add(int index, E element) { synchronized (mutex) {list.add(index, element);} } public E remove(int index) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.remove(index);} } public int indexOf(Object o) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.indexOf(o);} } public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.lastIndexOf(o);} } public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { synchronized (mutex) {return list.addAll(index, c);} } public ListIterator<E> listIterator() { return list.listIterator(); // Must be manually synched by user } public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { return list.listIterator(index); // Must be manually synched by user } public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { synchronized (mutex) { return new SynchronizedList<>(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex), mutex); } } @Override public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) { synchronized (mutex) {list.replaceAll(operator);} } @Override public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) { synchronized (mutex) {list.sort(c);} } /** * SynchronizedRandomAccessList instances are serialized as * SynchronizedList instances to allow them to be deserialized * in pre-1.4 JREs (which do not have SynchronizedRandomAccessList). * This method inverts the transformation. As a beneficial * side-effect, it also grafts the RandomAccess marker onto * SynchronizedList instances that were serialized in pre-1.4 JREs. * * Note: Unfortunately, SynchronizedRandomAccessList instances * serialized in 1.4.1 and deserialized in 1.4 will become * SynchronizedList instances, as this method was missing in 1.4. */ private Object readResolve() { return (list instanceof RandomAccess ? new SynchronizedRandomAccessList<>(list) : this); } }
从源码中我们可以看到SynchronizedList是通过对mutex做同步来控制线程安全的,而mutex定义在其父类SynchronizedCollection中。
SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> collection) {
c = collection;
mutex = this;
}
SynchronizedCollection(Collection<E> collection, Object mutex) {
c = collection;
this.mutex = mutex;
}
从源码中,我们发现了add、remove等操作都是线程安全的,加锁的对象默认是this,也即是list本身。但是没有针对Iterator.next做同步处理。所以整个for循环是非线程安全的。
另外,需要注意的是add、remove等操作仅是方法安全,如果在使用过程中执行如下代码:
list.add(object1);
list.remove(object1);
此代码并非原子操作,任何线程都可能在add和remove之间抢夺mutex。
CopyOnWriteArrayList在执行add方法和remove方法的时候,分别创建了一个当前数组长度+1和-1的数组,将数据copy到新数组中,然后执行修改操作。修改完之后调用setArray方法来指向新的数组。在整个过程中是使用ReentrantLock可重入锁来保证不会有多个线程同时copy一个新的数组,从而造成的混乱。并且使用volatile修饰数组来保证修改后的可见性。读写操作互不影响,所以在整个过程中整个效率是非常高的。原来太多,这里只粘了add和remove部分的代码
/** * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. * * @param e element to be appended to this list * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) */ public boolean add(E e) { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { Object[] elements = getArray(); int len = elements.length; Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1); newElements[len] = e; setArray(newElements); return true; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). * * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public void add(int index, E element) { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { Object[] elements = getArray(); int len = elements.length; if (index > len || index < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+ ", Size: "+len); Object[] newElements; int numMoved = len - index; if (numMoved == 0) newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1); else { newElements = new Object[len + 1]; System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index); System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1, numMoved); } newElements[index] = element; setArray(newElements); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * Removes the element at the specified position in this list. * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their * indices). Returns the element that was removed from the list. * * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public E remove(int index) { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { Object[] elements = getArray(); int len = elements.length; E oldValue = get(elements, index); int numMoved = len - index - 1; if (numMoved == 0) setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1)); else { Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1]; System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index); System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index, numMoved); setArray(newElements); } return oldValue; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, * if it is present. If this list does not contain the element, it is * unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index * {@code i} such that * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt> * (if such an element exists). Returns {@code true} if this list * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list * changed as a result of the call). * * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present * @return {@code true} if this list contained the specified element */ public boolean remove(Object o) { Object[] snapshot = getArray(); int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length); return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index); } /** * A version of remove(Object) using the strong hint that given * recent snapshot contains o at the given index. */ private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { Object[] current = getArray(); int len = current.length; if (snapshot != current) findIndex: { int prefix = Math.min(index, len); for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) { if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) { index = i; break findIndex; } } if (index >= len) return false; if (current[index] == o) break findIndex; index = indexOf(o, current, index, len); if (index < 0) return false; } Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1]; System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index); System.arraycopy(current, index + 1, newElements, index, len - index - 1); setArray(newElements); return true; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } |
synchronizedList适合对数据要求较高的情况,但是因为读写全都加锁,所有效率较低。
CopyOnWriteArrayList效率较高,适合读多写少的场景,因为在读的时候读的是旧集合,所以它的实时性不高。