【Unix】vi command summary

vi command summary

The following tables contain all the basic vi commands.（下表包含了所有基本的vi命令）

Starting vi(启动vi)

Command	Description
vi file	start at line 1 of file　             光标在第一行
vi +n file	start at line n of file　               光标在第n行
vi + file	start at last line of file　           光标在最后一行
vi +/pattern file	start at pattern in file　            光标在pattern行
vi -r file	recover file after a system crash　      系统down机后恢复文件

 

Saving files and quitting vi（保存和退出vi） 

Command	Description
:e file	edit file (save current file with :w first)        编辑file
:w	save (write out) the file being edited              保存当前文件
:w file	save as file　　                             　保存为file
:w! file	save as an existing file　                      强制保存
:q	quit vi　　　　　　　　                      　退出
:wq	save the file and quit vi　                     保存并退出
:x	save the file if it has changed and quit vi　如果文件被改动，则保存并退出。
:q!	quit vi without saving changes　　　             　放弃修改并退出

 

Moving the cursor（光标移动）

Keys pressed	Effect
h	left one character　　　                     左移一个字符
l or <Space>	right one character　　                      右移一个字符
k	up one line　　                              上移一行
j or <Enter>	down one line　                              下移一行
b	left one word　                              左移一个字
w	right one word　                             右移一个字
(	start of sentence　                          到达一句的开头
)	end of sentence　　                          到达一句的结尾
{	start of paragraph　                         到达一段的开头
}	end of paragraph　　                         到达一段的结尾
1G	top of file                                　到达文件的开头
nG	line n　                                到达第n行
G	end of file　                                到达文件末尾
<Ctrl>W	first character of insertion
<Ctrl>U	up ½ screen　                                上滚半屏
<Ctrl>D	down ½ screen                                下滚半屏
<Ctrl>B	up one screen　                              上滚一屏
<Ctrl>F	down one screen　                            下滚一屏

 

Inserting text（文字插入）

Keys pressed	Text inserted
a	after the cursor　                           光标后插入
A	after last character on the line　           行尾插入
i	before the cursor　　                        光标前插入
I	before first character on the line　         行首插入
o	open line below current line　               行下插入一行
O	open line above current line　               行上插入一行

 

Changing and replacing text

Keys pressed	Text changed or replaced
cw	word
3cw	three words
cc	current line
5cc	five lines
r	current character only
R	current character and those to its right
s	current character
S	current line
~	switch between lowercase and uppercase

 

Deleting text（文本删除）

Keys pressed	Text deleted
x	character under cursor　                      删除光标右侧文字
12x	12 characters　                               删除12个字符
X	character to left of cursor　                 删除光标左侧字符
dw	word　                                        删除一个单词
3dw	three words　                                 删除三个单词
d0	to beginning of line　                        删除至行首
d$	to end of line　                              删除至行尾
dd	current line　                                删除当前行
5dd	five lines　                                  删除五行
d{	to beginning of paragraph　                   删除至段首
d}	to end of paragraph　                         删除至段尾
:1,. d	to beginning of file　                        删除至文件首
:.,$ d	to end of file　　                            删除至文件尾
:1,$ d	whole file　                                  删除整个文件

 

Using markers and buffers

Command	Description
mf	set marker named ``f''
`f	go to marker ``f''
´f	go to start of line containing marker ``f''
"s12yy	copy 12 lines into buffer ``s''
"ty}	copy text from cursor to end of paragraph into buffer ``t''
"ly1G	copy text from cursor to top of file into buffer ``l''
"kd`f	cut text from cursor up to marker ``f'' into buffer ``k''
"kp	paste buffer ``k'' into text

 

Searching for text（文本搜索）

Search	Finds
/and	next occurrence of ``and'', for example, ``and'', ``stand'', ``grand''　                                                       向下搜索文字and
?and	previous occurrence of ``and'' 　                                                       向上搜索文字and
/^The	next line that starts with ``The'', for example, ``The'', ``Then'', ``There''                                                       搜索下一个以the开头的行
/^The\>	next line that starts with the word ``The''　                                                       搜索下一个以整字The开头的行
/end$	next line that ends with ``end''　                                                       搜索下一个以end结尾的行
/[bB]ox	next occurrence of ``box'' or ``Box''　                                                       搜索box或者Box
n	repeat the most recent search, in the same direction　                                                       在相同方向上继续搜索
N	repeat the most recent search, in the opposite direction　                                                       在相反方向上继续搜索

 

Searching for and replacing text(搜索并替换文本)

Command	Description
:s/pear/peach/g	replace all occurrences of ``pear'' with ``peach'' on current line　                             在当前行搜索pear，并替换为peach
:/orange/s//lemon/g	change all occurrences of ``orange'' into ``lemon'' on next line containing ``orange''　                             在下一行中搜索orange，并替换为lemon
:.,$/\<file/directory/g	replace all words starting with ``file'' by ``directory'' on every line from current line onward, for example, ``filename'' becomes ``directoryname''
:g/one/s//1/g	replace every occurrence of ``one'' with 1, for example, ``oneself'' becomes ``1self'', ``someone'' becomes ``some1''                            用“1”替换所有的"one"

 

Matching patterns of text

expression_r_r_r_r_r_r	Matches
.	any single character
	zero or more of the previous expression_r_r_r_r_r_r
.	zero or more arbitrary characters
\<	beginning of a word
\>	end of a word
\	quote a special character
\	the character ``''
^	beginning of a line
$	end of a line
[set]	one character from a set of characters
[XYZ]	one of the characters ``X'', ``Y'', or ``Z''
[[:upper:]][[:lower:]]*	one uppercase character followed by any number of lowercase characters
[^set]	one character not from a set of characters
[^XYZ[:digit:]]	any character except ``X'', ``Y'', ``Z'', or a numeric digit

 

Options to the :set command

Option	Effect
all	list settings of all options
ignorecase	ignore case in searches
list	display <Tab> and end-of-line characters
mesg	display messages sent to your terminal
nowrapscan	prevent searches from wrapping round the end or beginning of a file
number	display line numbers
report=5	warn if five or more lines are changed by command
term=ansi	set terminal type to ``ansi''
terse	shorten error messages
warn	display ``[No write since last change]'' on shell escape if file has not been saved