虚拟环境
- 作用:避免类库不同版本的冲突
- 效果:独立的python环境
搭建虚拟环境
安装虚拟环境的命令 :
sudo pip install virtualenv
sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper
安装完虚拟环境后,如果提示找不到mkvirtualenv命令,须配置环境变量:
# 1、创建目录用来存放虚拟环境
mkdir $HOME/.virtualenvs
# 2、打开~/.bashrc文件(vim ~/.bashrc),并添加如下:
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
# 3、运行
source ~/.bashrc
此时运行 mkvirtualenv -p python3 虚拟环境名称
如果还是不能运行
终端运行:
which virtualenvwrapper.sh
# 打开~/.bashrc文件,并添加如下:
source 文件路径/virtualenvwrapper.sh
运行
source ~/.bashrc
报错:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper.sh: There was a problem running the initialization hooks.
If Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check that virtualenvwrapper has been installed for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python and that PATH is
set properly.
进入virtualenvwrapper.sh 文件
vim 文件路径/virtualenvwrapper.sh
原文件
# Locate the global Python where virtualenvwrapper is installed.
if [ "$VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON" = "" ] then
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command \which python)"
修改为
# Locate the global Python where virtualenvwrapper is installed.
if [ "$VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON" = "" ] then
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command \which python3)"
在~/.bashrc添加, python3.6为你python在bin的路径
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3.6
命令:
- 1>创建虚拟环境 , 默认安装的是python2的虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv -p python3 虚拟环境名称
- 2>退出虚拟环境
deactivate
- 3>查看虚拟环境的命令 :
workon 两次tab键
- 4>进入虚拟环境
workon "虚拟环境的名字"
- 5>删除虚拟环境的命令 :
rmvirtualenv 虚拟环境名称
例 :删除虚拟环境py3_flask
先退出:deactivate
再删除:rmvirtualenv py3_flask
- 6>查看虚拟环境中安装的包 :
pip freeze