[Leetcode] Validate Binary Search Tree & Recover Binary Search Tree

这是两道题。


98. Validate Binary Search Tree

99. Recover Binary Search Tree


98题:判断一棵树是不是合法的二叉搜索BST)。

BST有个可以用脚后跟想出来的特点:中序遍历可以得到一个递增的序列。那我们就中序遍历,看看他是不是严格递增 就可以了。


那么怎样做到不开辟新的空间呢?用一个lastNum变量记录上一个元素就可以了。

重点是记录第一个元素。代码利用一个isFirst做标记。


class Solution {
public:
	bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
		int lastNum = 0;
		bool isFirst = true;
		bool isValid = true;
		in_order(root, lastNum, isFirst, isValid);
		return isValid;		
	}

private:
	void in_order(TreeNode* root, int& lastNum, bool& isFirst, bool& isValid) {
		if (!isValid || !root)
			return;

		in_order(root->left, lastNum, isFirst, isValid);

		if (isFirst) {
			isFirst = false;
			lastNum = root->val;
		} else {
			if (root->val <= lastNum)
				isValid = false;
			else
				lastNum = root->val;
		}

		in_order(root->right, lastNum, isFirst, isValid);
	}
};


99题:给一棵BST,里面有两个结点互换了位置,让你找出来并纠正。

要求也是不用额外的空间。

还是利用BST中序遍历元素大小递增的特点,扫一遍就能把他俩揪出来。

仔细分析一下,其实只有两种情况,就是中序遍历的时候,他俩挨在一起,或者不挨在一起。

挨在一起:比如 1 3 2 4

不挨在一起:比如 1 5 3 4 2 6

后一种情况很容易发现错位的元素。就是会一前一后发现2个“奇怪的元素”a和b,他们小于或等于他们之前的那个元素(比如上面例子里的3和2)。这样就能锁定错位的是:a之前的那个元素,和b本身这个元素(比如上面例子里的5和2)。


那么第一种情况怎么识别出来呢?因为扫一遍,只能发现一个“奇怪的元素”a,他小于或等于他之前的那个元素(比如第一个例子里的2)。那么只能识别出第一个错位的元素:a之前的那个元素(比如上面例子里的3)。这种情况下,第二个错位的元素一定是a本身。很简单。


上代码。这里用一个变量叫做suspect,来标记第一个“奇怪的元素”。如果扫一遍没发现第二个奇怪的元素,那么第二个错位的元素一定是suspect。

class Solution {
public:
	void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
		TreeNode* lastNode = NULL;
		TreeNode* wrong1 = NULL;
		TreeNode* wrong2 = NULL;
		TreeNode* suspect = NULL;
		bool isFirst = true;
		in_order(root, lastNode, isFirst, wrong1, wrong2, suspect);
		if (!wrong2)
			wrong2 = suspect;
		swap(wrong1->val, wrong2->val);
	}

private:
	void in_order(TreeNode* root, TreeNode*& lastNode, bool& isFirst, TreeNode*& wrong1, TreeNode*& wrong2, TreeNode*& suspect){
		if (!root)
			return;

		in_order(root->left, lastNode, isFirst, wrong1, wrong2, suspect);

		if (isFirst) {
			isFirst = false;
			lastNode = root;
		}
		else {
			if (root->val <= lastNode->val) {
				if (wrong1 == NULL) {
					wrong1 = lastNode;
					suspect = root;
				} else {
					wrong2 = root;
				}
			}
			else
				lastNode = root;
		}

		in_order(root->right, lastNode, isFirst, wrong1, wrong2, suspect);
	}
};



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