SQL语法习题与答案

前言

以下都是我在牛客网上做过的一些SQL的习题，每一道题都有答案，给大家分享一下

习题&答案

1. 查找最晚入职员工的所有信息

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

答案

select * from employees
order by hire_date desc limit 0,1

1. 查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

答案

select * from employees
order by hire_date desc limit 2,1

1. 查找各个部门当前(to_date=’9999-01-01’)领导当前薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no

CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

答案

select salaries.*, dept_manager.dept_no
from salaries, dept_manager
where dept_manager.emp_no = salaries.emp_no
and dept_manager.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and salaries.to_date = '9999-01-01'

1. 查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name

CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

答案

select employees.last_name, first_name, dept_emp.dept_no
from dept_emp
inner join employees
where dept_emp.emp_no = employees.emp_no;

1. 查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no，也包括展示没有分配具体部门的员工

CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

答案

select employees.last_name, employees.first_name, dept_emp.dept_no
from employees
left join dept_emp
on employees.emp_no = dept_emp.emp_no

1. 查找所有员工入职时候的薪水情况，给出emp_no以及salary， 并按照emp_no进行逆序

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date`