使役动词
是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词。
以下介绍几个常用的使役动词用法。
1 make
make用作使役动词表示 “使;使成为” 时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下:
[1] “make+宾语+n.” 意为“使、让某人 / 某物(成为)……”。
- We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。
- We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
[2] “make+宾语+adj.” 意为 “使某人 / 某事(变得)……”。
- The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
- We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。
[友情提示]
: 当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。如:
- I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。
- The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
[3] “make+宾语+do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为 “使某人做某事”。
- The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。
[4] “make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为 “使某人 / 某事被……”。
- The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。
[5] “make+宾语+V-ing(现在分词)”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人 / 某事一直在……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
- He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。
have
[1] have sb do sth
此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”,宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者,但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后,即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。
- The teacher had us hand in our homework on time.
老师让我们按时交作业。
[2] have sb / sth doing sth
多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”,此时have也可由keep来代替。
- His parents had him staying at home all the time.
他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。
[3] have sth done
在此结构中,宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系,所以宾语补足语一般由及物动词的过去分词充当。这个结构一般有以下两种不同的意思:
- [3.1] 表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己)做某事”,强调主语的意志。例如:
- Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired.
豪先生想请人为他修理洗衣机。
- Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired.
- [3.2] 表示“遭遇某种不幸的事情”,说明宾语遭遇的是一种意外的事故,并不着重说明“是谁使他遭遇这种灾难”。
- I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday.
上星期一我在回家的路上,钱包被(人)偷了。
- I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday.
[4] have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
此结构表示主语“让某物或某事处于某种状态,或使某人到某处”。用作宾语补足语的形容词、副词或介词短语常含有动向意义。因此,宾语(人或物)与宾语补足语之间也存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
- It is too hot, so you must have all the windows open.
天气太热,你们得让所有的窗户都开着。 - It’s sunny today. You”d better have your flowers out.
今天天气晴朗,你最好把你的花搬到外面去。
leave
[1] 表示“离开”,注意以下用法:
- [1.1] 表示离开某地,leave为及物动词,后面可直接跟表示地点的名词,不要按汉语习惯在其后用from或off。如:
- 他离开这个国家已经两年了。
误:It is two years since he left from the country.
正:It is two years since he left the country.
- 他离开这个国家已经两年了。
- [1.2] 汉语说“离开”,英语用leave就行了,不要将其直译为leave away。
- [1.3] 表示离开去某地,其后一般接介词for(通常不用to),表示方向。如:
- They are leaving for Paris.
他们要去巴黎了。 - The plane leaves Heathrow for Orly at 12.35.
飞机于12点35分离开希思罗机场飞往奥利。
- They are leaving for Paris.
[2] 表示“留下”,注意带双宾语的用法:
- [2.1] 表示给某人留下某物,此时若双宾语交换位置,用介词 for引出间接宾语。如:
- The left me no food.=They left no food for me.
他们没有给我留下食物。 - Someone left you this note.=Someone left this note for you.
有人给你留下了这张条子。
- The left me no food.=They left no food for me.
- [2.2] 表示某人死后留下某物,此时若双宾语交换位置,用介词to引出间接宾语。如:
- My aunt left me a large fortune.=My aunt left a large fortune to me.
我姑妈死后给我留下一大笔财产。
- My aunt left me a large fortune.=My aunt left a large fortune to me.
[3] 表示“交给”“留给”“让(处于某种状态)”等,注意以下句型:
- [3.1] 用于 leave sth to [with] sb, 意为“把某物交给(委托给)某人”。
- You’d better leave the matter to [with] me.
你最好把这事交给我办。 - I’ll leave everything to [with] you then.
那么我就把一切都交给你了。
- You’d better leave the matter to [with] me.
- [3.2] 用于 leave sb to do sth, 意为“让某人去做某事”。
- He left me to wash the clothes.
他让我去洗衣服。 - She left me to take care of her baby.
她托我照看她的婴儿。
- He left me to wash the clothes.
- [3.3] 用于 leave sb doing sth, 意为“让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)”。
- His letter left me feeling pretty bad.
他的信让我感到很难受。 - They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself.
他们走开了,让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。
英语里的使役动词的用法
来源:合肥美联英语 2020-12-26|已帮助:4780 人
英语中使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词。下面小编告诉你英语里的使役动词的用法,大家一起来看看吧!
- His letter left me feeling pretty bad.
keep
[1] 表示“保持”,用作连系动词,其后可接形容词或介词短语等作表语。
- She knew she must keep calm.
她知道她必须保持冷静。 - We’ll keep in touch with you.
我们将和你保持联系。
[2] 表示“保持”,用作实义动词,其后可接动名词作宾语,但不能接不定式。
- Prices keep rising.
物价不断上涨。 - Please don’t keep running up and down the stairs.
请别老在楼梯上跑上跑下。
根据语义的需要,其后可接带形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等的复合结构,但不能接带不定式的复合结构。
- You must keep it a secret.
这事你得保密。 - Sorry to have kept you up so late.
对不起让你这么晚都没睡。 - A cold kept him in bed for three days.
一次感冒让他卧床3天。 - She kept us waiting for a long time.
她让我们等了很久。 - She advised that we should keep the gate locked.
她忠告我们要把门锁好。
[3] 比较keep doing sth与keep on doing sth
- 两者均可表示反复发生的动作(即动作之间略有间隔)。
- They kept (on) talking about it.
他们一直在谈论此事。
- They kept (on) talking about it.
- 但是,如果表示持续的状态或连续不断的动作(动作之间没有间隔)时,通常只用keep doing sth。
- He kept standing during the meeting.
开会时他一直站着。 - 另外,表示将一直在做的事继续做下去,通常只用 keep on doing。
- He kept on working after dark.
天黑了我们还继续干。 - Don’t give up; keep on trying.
别灰心,继续努力。
- He kept on working after dark.
[4] 比较keep doing sth与keep from doing sth:前者指不停地做某事,后者指克制自己不做某事。
- I could hardly keep from laughing.
我简直忍不住大笑起来。 - I hope you will keep from doing anything rash.
我希望你不要鲁莽行事。
[5] 比较keep sb doing sth与keep sb from doing sth:前者指使某人不停地做某事,后者指使某人不做某事。
- The snow kept us from going out.
下雪使我们没法出去。 - He hung around for hours and, which was worse, kept me from doing my work.
他闲待了好几个钟头,更糟糕的是,这使我也没法工作。
get
[1] 用于“get+名词+宾补”,该宾语补足语可以是:
- [1.1] 不定式, 其意为“使……做……”(具有使役性)。
- He got his son to post the letter.
他叫他儿子去寄信。 - You must get them to come over here.
你必须想法让他们到这儿来。 - He couldn’t get the car to start and went by bus.
他因无法发动车子,所以就乘公共汽车去。
- He got his son to post the letter.
- [1.2] 现在分词, 其意为“使……(开始)起来”或处于某种状态。
- What he said got us thinking.
他说话使我们思考起来。 - Can you get the clock going again?
你能让这钟重新走起来吗? - It’s not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him.
要他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。
- What he said got us thinking.
- [1.3] 过去分词,其中的过去分词表示被动关系。
- Go and get your hair cut.
去把头发理了。 - I’ll try to get it published.
我要设法让它发表(出版)。 - He got his fingers caught in the door.
他的手指让门给夹给了。 - You must get the work done by Friday.
你必须最迟在星期五以前把工作做完。 - 注:有时表示遭遇。如:
- He got his watch stolen.
他的表被偷了。 - He got his fingers caught in the door.
他的手指让门给夹住了。
- He got his watch stolen.
- Go and get your hair cut.
- [1.4] 形容词, 意为“使……(变成某种状态)”。
- I can’t get the door open.
这门我打不开。 - We’ve got everything ready.
我们已把一切都准备好了。
- I can’t get the door open.
[2] 用作连系动词,表示状态的变化,其后所接表语可以是:
-
[2.1] 形容词
- The weather is getting warm.
天气暖和起来了。 - She got quite impatient.
她变得很不耐烦起来。 - 注意,用作连系动词的get 之后一般不接表示颜色的形容词,如不说 get black / white / red,遇此情况可用 go 或 turn。
- The weather is getting warm.
-
[2.2] 过去分词
- He got lost in the woods.
他在树林里迷路了。 - They got discouraged and went home.
他们感到泄气回家了。 - “get+过去分词”结构有时是系表结构,有时是被动语态,这主要看其中的过去分词是强调状态(为系表结构)还是强调动作(为被动语态)。表示被动时,与用 be 有区别:一般说来,用 get 除表示更强的动作意味外,还往往表示一种突发性的,出乎意料的偶发事件。如:
- How did the window get broken?
这窗子是怎么打破的? - He got killed when crossing the road.
过马路时他被车撞死了。
- How did the window get broken?
- He got lost in the woods.
-
[2.3] 不定式,能用于get后的不定式不多,常见的有to know, to like, to be等。
- Soon they got to be good friends.
不久他们就成了好朋友。 - You’ll like her once you get to know her.
你一旦了解她,就喜欢她了。
- Soon they got to be good friends.
-
[2.4] 现在分词
- Things haven’t really got going yet.
活动还没开展起来。 - Then we got chatting together.
后来我们在一起聊了起来。
- Things haven’t really got going yet.