java webApp异步上传图片

本文包含以下几个问题：

1.图片上传；
2.图片上传预览；
3.上传图片更改地址异步添加到数据库；
主要内容
本示例主要采用纯HTML前端和JavaScript代码作工具，查询有关demo其实现图片上传的代码范例如下：
（1）点击上传图片的div代码：

<div id="div1" class="photo">  
   <input type="file" id="choose" accept="image/*" multiple >
   <a id="upload">上传图片</a>  
   <a class="myinputimg" onclick="selectphoto();">从图库中选择</a>
   <a class="myinputimg" id="back">取消</a>
</div>

(2)javaScript代码

<script type="text/javascript">
  //获取上传图片的input表单元素
  var filechooser = document.getElementById("choose");
  //创建用于压缩图片的canvas
  var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
  //获取canvas的视觉属性
  var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  //瓦片canva
  var tCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
  var tctx = tCanvas.getContext("2d");
  //画布的大小
  var maxsize = 100 * 1024;
  //上传图片点击事件
  $("#upload").on("click", function() {
        filechooser.click();
      })
      .on("touchstart", function() {
      //添加元素属性
        $(this).addClass("touch");
      })
      .on("touchend", function() {
      //移除元素属性
        $(this).removeClass("touch");
      });
   //元素改变  
  filechooser.onchange = function() {
    //如果选择为空，返回操作
    if (!this.files.length) return;
    //创建上传图片的数组
    var files = Array.prototype.slice.call(this.files);
    //选择为数量大于1张时，反回操作，这里根据需求设定；pc端测试一次可以上传若干张图片，移动端选择一张，页面只能预览一张。由于是移动端，所以作此判断。
    if (files.length >1) {
      alert("一次只能上传1张图片");
      return;
    }
    //遍历上传图片的文件数组，可不用遍历，直接取即可。
    files.forEach(function(file, i) {
    //判断图片格式
      if (!/\/(?:jpeg|png|gif)/i.test(file.type)) return;
      var reader = new FileReader();
      var li = document.createElement("li");
//          获取图片大小
      var size = file.size / 1024 > 1024 ? (~~(10 * file.size / 1024 / 1024)) / 10 + "MB" : ~~(file.size / 1024) + "KB";
      //图片预览
      li.innerHTML = '<div class="progress"><span></span></div><div class="size">' + size + '</div>';
      //追加图片预览代码；
      $(".img-list").append($(li));
      reader.onload = function() {
        var result = this.result;
        var img = new Image();
        img.src = result;
        //图片显示
        $(li).css("background-image", "url(" + result + ")");
        //如果图片大小小于100kb，则直接上传
        if (result.length <= maxsize) {
          img = null;
          upload(result, file.type, $(li));
          return;
        }
//      图片加载完毕之后进行压缩，然后上传
        if (img.complete) {
          callback();
        } else {
          img.onload = callback;
        }
        function callback() {
          var data = compress(img);
          upload(data, file.type, $(li));
          img = null;
        }
      };
      reader.readAsDataURL(file);
    });
  };
  //以下是图片压缩相关；
  //使用canvas对大图片进行压缩
  function compress(img) {
    var initSize = img.src.length;
    var width = img.width;
    var height = img.height;
    //如果图片大于四百万像素，计算压缩比并将大小压至400万以下
    var ratio;
    if ((ratio = width * height / 4000000) > 1) {
      ratio = Math.sqrt(ratio);
      width /= ratio;
      height /= ratio;
    } else {
      ratio = 1;
    }
    canvas.width = width;
    canvas.height = height;
    //铺底色
    ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
    //如果图片像素大于100万则使用瓦片绘制
    var count;
    if ((count = width * height / 1000000) > 1) {
      count = ~~(Math.sqrt(count) + 1); //计算要分成多少块瓦片
    // 计算每块瓦片的宽和高
      var nw = ~~(width / count);
      var nh = ~~(height / count);
      tCanvas.width = nw;
      tCanvas.height = nh;
      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        for (var j = 0; j < count; j++) {
          tctx.drawImage(img, i * nw * ratio, j * nh * ratio, nw * ratio, nh * ratio, 0, 0, nw, nh);
          ctx.drawImage(tCanvas, i * nw, j * nh, nw, nh);
        }
      }
    } else {
      ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, width, height);
    }
    //进行最小压缩
    var ndata = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.1);
    console.log('压缩前：' + initSize);
    console.log('压缩后：' + ndata.length);
    console.log('压缩率：' + ~~(100 * (initSize - ndata.length) / initSize) + "%");
    tCanvas.width = tCanvas.height = canvas.width = canvas.height = 0;
    return ndata;
  }
  //图片上传，将base64的图片转成二进制对象，塞进formdata上传
  function upload(basestr, type, $li) {
    var text = window.atob(basestr.split(",")[1]);
    var buffer = new Uint8Array(text.length);
    var pecent = 0, loop = null;
    for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
      buffer[i] = text.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    var blob = getBlob([buffer], type);
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    var formdata = getFormData();
    formdata.append('upload', blob);
    //异步请求kindeditor插件的上传图片jsp页面
    xhr.open('post', '<%=request.getContextPath()%>/kindeditor/jsp/upload_json.jsp');
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
      if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {  
      //返回服务器端的图片地址    
      var face_img=xhr.responseText;
      var id=$("#arId").text();
     //异步像数据库中添加图片
     $.ajax({
            type:"POST",
            //异步请求Struts的action类将图片地址插入数据库
            url:"add_article_faceurl.action",
            dataType:"json",
            data:"faceurl="+face_img+"&id="+id,
            async:true,
            success: function(msg){ 
            //取添加数据库中的图片相关的id值，存入页面隐藏区域
                $("#arId").text(msg);
            },
            error: function(a){}
        });          
      }
    };
    //模拟上传进度显示
    //数据发送进度，前50%展示该进度
    xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function(e) {
      if (loop) return;
      pecent = ~~(100 * e.loaded / e.total) / 2;
      $li.find(".progress span").css('width', pecent + "%");
      if (pecent == 50) {
        mockProgress();
      }
    }, false);
    //数据后50%用模拟进度
    function mockProgress() {
      if (loop) return;
      loop = setInterval(function() {
        pecent++;
        $li.find(".progress span").css('width', pecent + "%");
        if (pecent == 99) {
          clearInterval(loop);
        }
      }, 100);
    }
    xhr.send(formdata);
  }
  /**
   * 获取blob对象的兼容性写法
   * @param buffer
   * @param format
   * @returns {*}
   */
  function getBlob(buffer, format) {
    try {
      return new Blob(buffer, {type: format});
    } catch (e) {
      var bb = new (window.BlobBuilder || window.WebKitBlobBuilder || window.MSBlobBuilder);
      buffer.forEach(function(buf) {
        bb.append(buf);
      });
      return bb.getBlob(format);
    }
  }
  /**
   * 获取formdata
   */
  function getFormData() {
    var isNeedShim = ~navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Android')
        && ~navigator.vendor.indexOf('Google')
        && !~navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome')
        && navigator.userAgent.match(/AppleWebKit\/(\d+)/).pop() <= 534;
    return isNeedShim ? new FormDataShim() : new FormData();
  }
  /**
   * formdata 补丁, 给不支持formdata上传blob的android机打补丁
   * @constructor
   */
  function FormDataShim() {
    console.warn('using formdata shim');
    var o = this,
        parts = [],
        boundary = Array(21).join('-') + (+new Date() * (1e16 * Math.random())).toString(36),
        oldSend = XMLHttpRequest.prototype.send;
    this.append = function(name, value, filename) {
      parts.push('--' + boundary + '\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="' + name + '"');
      if (value instanceof Blob) {
        parts.push('; filename="' + (filename || 'blob') + '"\r\nContent-Type: ' + value.type + '\r\n\r\n');
        parts.push(value);
      }
      else {
        parts.push('\r\n\r\n' + value);
      }
      parts.push('\r\n');
    };
    // Override XHR send()
    XMLHttpRequest.prototype.send = function(val) {
      var fr,
          data,
          oXHR = this;
      if (val === o) {
        // Append the final boundary string
        parts.push('--' + boundary + '--\r\n');
        // Create the blob
        data = getBlob(parts);
        // Set up and read the blob into an array to be sent
        fr = new FileReader();
        fr.onload = function() {
          oldSend.call(oXHR, fr.result);
        };
        fr.onerror = function(err) {
          throw err;
        };
        fr.readAsArrayBuffer(data);
        // Set the multipart content type and boudary
        this.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary);
        XMLHttpRequest.prototype.send = oldSend;
      }
      else {
        oldSend.call(this, val);
      }
    };
  }
</script>

（3）kindeditor插件的上传图片jsp页面相关代码.

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*,java.io.*" %>
<%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.*" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.*" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*" %>
<%@ page
    import="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequestWrapper"%>
<%@ page import="org.json.simple.*" %>
<%

/**
 * KindEditor JSP
 * 
 * 本JSP程序是演示程序，建议不要直接在实际项目中使用。
 * 如果您确定直接使用本程序，使用之前请仔细确认相关安全设置。
 * 
 */

//文件保存目录路径
String savePath = pageContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/") + "attached/";
String saveUrl  = request.getContextPath() + "/attached/";
//定义允许上传的文件扩展名
HashMap<String, String> extMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
extMap.put("image", "gif,jpg,jpeg,png,bmp,blob");
extMap.put("flash", "swf,flv");
extMap.put("media", "swf,flv,mp3,wav,wma,wmv,mid,avi,mpg,asf,rm,rmvb");
extMap.put("file", "doc,docx,xls,xlsx,ppt,htm,html,txt,zip,rar,gz,bz2");

//最大文件大小
long maxSize = 1000000;

response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");

if(!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)){
    out.println(getError("请选择文件。"));
    return;
}
//检查目录
File uploadDir = new File(savePath);
if(!uploadDir.isDirectory()){
    out.println(getError("上传目录不存在。"));
    return;
}
//检查目录写权限
if(!uploadDir.canWrite()){
    out.println(getError("上传目录没有写权限。"));
    return;
}

String dirName = request.getParameter("dir");
if (dirName == null) {
    dirName = "image";
}
if(!extMap.containsKey(dirName)){
    out.println(getError("目录名不正确。"));
    return;
}
//创建文件夹
savePath += dirName + "/";
saveUrl += dirName + "/";
File saveDirFile = new File(savePath);
if (!saveDirFile.exists()) {
    saveDirFile.mkdirs();
}
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd");
String ymd = sdf.format(new Date());
savePath += ymd + "/";
saveUrl += ymd + "/";
File dirFile = new File(savePath);
if (!dirFile.exists()) {
    dirFile.mkdirs();
}
//Struts2 请求 包装过滤器
MultiPartRequestWrapper wrapper = (MultiPartRequestWrapper) request;

//获得上传 的文件名
String fileName1 =  wrapper.getFileNames("upload")[0];

//获得文件过滤器
File file = wrapper.getFiles("upload")[0];

//检查文件大小
if(file.length() > maxSize){
    out.println(getError("上传文件大小超过限制。"));
    return;
}

//检查扩展名
String fileExt1 = fileName1.substring(fileName1.lastIndexOf(".") + 1).toLowerCase();
//重构上传文件名
SimpleDateFormat df1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
String newFileName1 = df1.format(new Date()) + "_" + new Random().nextInt(1000) + "." + fileExt1;

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//获取文件输出流
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(savePath + newFileName1);
String url=savePath + newFileName1;
out.println(url);
//获取内存中当前文件输入流
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);

try {
    int num = 0;
    while ((num = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
        fos.write(buffer, 0, num);
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace(System.err);
} finally {
    in.close();
    fos.close();
}
%>
<%!
private String getError(String message) {
    JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
    obj.put("error", 1);
    obj.put("message", message);
    return obj.toJSONString();
}
%>

（3）有关kindeditor上传图片的jar包有如下所示
A.commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
B.commons-io-1.4.jar
C.json_simple-1.1.jar
这里没有用到有关于kindeditor的js代码

（4）有关kindeditor上传图片预览的div如下

<div id="div2">
    <ul class="img-list">
        <li id="wy">
            <img style="height:100%;width:100%;position:absolute;top:0px;" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/shequ/images/index.png;" >
        </li>
    </ul>   
</div>