python基础2

8.2传递实参

向函数传递实参的方式：位置实参，这要求实参的顺序与形参相同；关键字实参，其中每个实参由变量名和值组成；还可使用列表和字典

def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name,middle_name=''):
#     if middle_name:
#         full_name = f"{first_name} {middle_name} {last_name}"
#     else:
    full_name = f"{first_name} {middle_name} {last_name}"
    
    return full_name.title()

musician = get_formatted_name('jimi','hendrix')
print(musician)
musician = get_formatted_name('john','hooker','lee')
print(musician)

Jimi  Hendrix
John Lee Hooker

8.3.3返回字典

def build_person(first_name,last_name,age=None):
    person = {'first':first_name,'last':last_name}
    if age:
        person['age']=age
    return person
musician = build_person('jimi','hendrix',age=27)
print(musician)

{'first': 'jimi', 'last': 'hendrix', 'age': 27}

def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name):
    full_name = f"{first_name} {last_name}"
    return full_name.title()
while True:
    print("\nPlease tell me your name:")
    print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
    f_name = input("First name:")
    if f_name == "q":
        break
    l_name = input("last name:")
    if l_name == "q":
        break
    
    formatted_name = get_formatted_name(f_name,l_name)
    print(f"{formatted_name}")

Please tell me your name:
(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
First name:q

def print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models):
    while unprinted_designs:
        current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
        print(f"Printing model:{current_design}")
        completed_models.append(current_design)

def show_completed_models(completed_models):
    print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
    for completed_model in completed_models:
        print(completed_model)

unprinted_designs = ['phone case','robot pendant','dodecahedron']
completed_models = []
print_models(unprinted_designs[:],completed_models)
show_completed_models(completed_models)

Printing model:dodecahedron
Printing model:robot pendant
Printing model:phone case

The following models have been printed:
dodecahedron
robot pendant
phone case

第九章 类

9.1.1创建Dog类

class Dog():
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def sit(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is now sitting")
        
    def roll_over(self):
        print(f"{self.name} rolled over!")
        

my_dog = Dog('willie',6)

print(f"My dog's name is {my_dog.name}")
print(f"My dog is {my_dog.age} years old")

My dog's name is willie
My dog is 6 years old

my_dog.sit()
my_dog.roll_over()

willie is now sitting
willie rolled over!

9.2.1Car类

class Car:
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make=make
        self.model=model
        self.year=year
        self.odometer_reading = 0
    
    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()
    
    def read_odmeter(self):
        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it")
    
    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles
    
# my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2019)
# print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())
# my_new_car.update_odometer(22)
# # my_new_car.update_odometer(20)
# my_new_car.increment_odometer(1000)

# my_new_car.read_odmeter()
class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        self.battery_size = 75
    
    def describe_battery(self):
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-KWh battery.")
    
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model',2019)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.describe_battery()

2019 Tesla Model
This car has a 75-KWh battery.

class Car:
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        self.make=make
        self.model=model
        self.year=year
        self.odometer_reading = 0
    
    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()
    
    def read_odmeter(self):
        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it")
    
    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
    def increment_odometer(self,miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles
class Battery:
    def __init__(self,battery_size=75):
        self.battery_size = battery_size
    def describe_battery(self):
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-KWh battery.")
    def  get_range(self):
        if self.battery_size == 75:
            range = 260
        elif self.battery_size == 100:
            range = 315
        print(f"This car can go about {range} miles on a full charge")
class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self,make,model,year):
        super().__init__(make,model,year)
        self.battery = Battery(100)
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model',2019)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

2019 Tesla Model
This car has a 100-KWh battery.
This car can go about 315 miles on a full charge

第十章 文件和异常

with open('pi_digits.txt') as file_object:
    contents = file_object.read()
print(contents.rstrip())

3.1415926535
   8979323846
   2643383279

filename = 'pi_digits.txt'
with open(filename) as file_object:
    lines = file_object.readlines()
pi_string = ''
for line in lines:
    pi_string += line.strip()
print(f"{pi_string}...")

3.141592653589793238462643383279...

filename = 'programming.txt'
with open(filename,'w') as file_object:
    file_object.write('I Love programming.\n')
    file_object.write('I Love creating new games.\n')

filename = 'programming.txt'
with open(filename,'a') as file_object:
    file_object.write('I also Love programming.\n')
    file_object.write('I also Love creating new games.\n')

处理异常

filename = 'alice.txt'
try:
    with open(filename,encoding='utf-8') as f:
        contents = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print(f"Sorry,the file {filename} does not exist")

Sorry,the file alice.txt does not exist

10.4.1 使用json.dump()和json.load()

import json
numbers = [2,3,5,7,11,13]
filename = 'numbers.json'
with open(filename,'w') as f:
    json.dump(numbers,f)

import json
filename = 'numbers.json'
with open(filename) as f:
    numbers = json.load(f)
print(numbers)

[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

import json
username = input("What is your name?")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(username,f)
    print(f"We'll remember you when you come back,{username}!")

What is your name?w
We'll remember you when you come back,w!

import json
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename,encoding='utf-8') as f:
    username = json.load(f)
    print(f"Welcome back,{username}!")

Welcome back,w!

import json
def greet_user():
    filename = 'username.json'
    try:
        with open(filename,encoding='UTF-8') as f:
            username = json.load(f)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        username = input("What is your name?")
        with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
            json.dump(username,f)
            print(f"We'll remember you when you come back,{username}!")
    else:
        print(f"Welcome back,{username}!")
greet_user()

Welcome back,w!

import json
def get_sorted_username():
    filename = 'username.json'
    try:
        with open(filename,encoding='UTF-8') as f:
            username = json.load(f)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None
    else:
        return username
def get_new_username():
    username = input("What is your name?")
    filename = 'username.json'
    with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(username,f)
    return username
def greet_user():
    username = get_sorted_username()
    if username:
        print(f"Welcome back,{username}!")
    else:
        username = get_new_username()
        print(f"We'll remember you when you come back,{username}!")
greet_user()
        

Welcome back,w!