mysql的安装与启动参数

1-安装

mysql下载：点击此处下载
此系统为centOS7.4，所选择redhat enterprise linux/oracle linux
所下载mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

安装mysql

[root@server222 ~]# mv mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /usr/      local/
[root@server222 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server222 local]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  
[root@server222 local]# mv mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@server222 local]# cd mysql
[root@server222 mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@server222 mysql]# useradd mysql -g mysql
[root@server222 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql data
[root@server222 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data/
2019-11-05T16:07:44.933717Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2019-11-05T16:07:44.933861Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 2991
2019-11-05T16:07:48.006613Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3BvTIzsCXh*i
2019-11-05T16:07:48.926179Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed

细心的查看有个地方有一行密码：3BvTIzsCXh*i
将这行密码复制保存下来
如果过程中报错，请运行如下命令：yum install -y libaio

启动mysql

[root@server222 mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@server222 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/
[root@server222 support-files]# mv /etc/my.cnf /mnt/
[root@server222 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/server222.err'.
 SUCCESS!
# 如果看见SUCCESS!，则表示启动成功

设置环境变量

[root@server222 support-files]# cd
[root@server222 ~]# vim .bash_profile
# 改动第十行代码
 10 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 保存并退出
[root@server222 ~]# source .bash_profile

登陆mysql

[root@server222 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:  # 此处就输入当时复制保存过的密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

修改密码

mysql> alter user user() identified by 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
# 这里修改密码为centos
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@server222 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: # 输入centos就可以进入

mysql 启动相关参数

[root@server222 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[root@server222 data]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server restart

详解内容

• 代表MySQL的安装路径
  basedir = /usr/local/mysql

• 代表MySQL的数据文件路径
  datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

• 指定MySQL的侦听端口
  port = 3306

• 记录MySQL启动日志和运行错误日志
  log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/server222.err
  server222.err 是以自身主机名加上.err命名的一个文件

• 监听IP
  bind-address(默认是*)
  * 接受所有来自ipv4、ipv6主机网卡的TCP/IP连接
  0.0.0.0 代表接受所有来自IPV4主机网卡的TCP/IP连接
  127.0.0.1 也可以指定IP，代表只接受此地址的请求TCP/IP连接

总结

mysql安装之后的root临时密码怎么修改？
通过mysql -u root -p，输入初始密码之后，进入数据库，然后输入alter user user() identified by ‘mysql’; Mysql指的是密码

mysql的默认监听端口号是多少，如何进行修改
mysql的默认端口号是3306
第一步：修改/etc/my.cnf中的port参数
第二步：重启mysql服务，监听端口即会变成新的，/etc/init.d/mysql.server restart

扩容，需要将数据文件。/data/转移到另外的磁盘，假设将数据库data转移到/home/data/目录下面
第一步：关闭数据库
/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
第二步：将/usr/local/mysql/data的数据转移到/home/data/目录下
mv /usr/local/mysql/data /home/data
第三步：修改my.cnf中datadir=/home/data/data
vi /etc/my.cnf
第四步：开启数据服务
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start