linux切割文件【split命令详解】

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root@E440:/home/zhangsy/opensrc/u-boot-2020.04# split --help
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --suffix-length=N   generate suffixes of length N (default 2)
      --additional-suffix=SUFFIX  append an additional SUFFIX to file names
  -b, --bytes=SIZE        put SIZE bytes per output file
  -C, --line-bytes=SIZE   put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file
  -d                      use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic
      --numeric-suffixes[=FROM]  same as -d, but allow setting the start value
  -x                      use hex suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic
      --hex-suffixes[=FROM]  same as -x, but allow setting the start value
  -e, --elide-empty-files  do not generate empty output files with '-n'
      --filter=COMMAND    write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE
  -l, --lines=NUMBER      put NUMBER lines/records per output file
  -n, --number=CHUNKS     generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below
  -t, --separator=SEP     use SEP instead of newline as the record separator;
                            '\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
  -u, --unbuffered        immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...'
      --verbose           print a diagnostic just before each
                            output file is opened
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

CHUNKS may be:
  N       split into N files based on size of input
  K/N     output Kth of N to stdout
  l/N     split into N files without splitting lines/records
  l/K/N   output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
  r/N     like 'l' but use round robin distribution
  r/K/N   likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'

使用实例：

1.(按文件大小分割)比如我想将一个log文件切割成每个256k大小，后缀是2位数字结尾的子文件，子文件以child开头，则

split -a 2 -d -b 256k uboot.bin child
-a 2  后缀是2位
-d  后缀是数字
-b 256k 每个文件最大256k
uboot.bin child     需要切割的文件是uboot.bin，生成的子文件前缀是 "child"

2.（按行数做分割）将一个文件分割成每1万行一个文件，后缀是2位，子文件以child开头

split -a 2 -l 10000 app.log child
-a 2  后缀是2位
-l 10000  每10000行一个文件
app.log child     需要切割的文件是app.log，生成的子文件前缀是 "child"